North African and Middle Eastern Australians are the Australians of North African and Middle Eastern ancestry, including naturalised Australians who are immigrants from various regions in the North Africa and Middle East and descendants of such immigrants. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorised within North African and Middle Eastern ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 3.0%.
Today, North African and Middle Eastern Australians often come from various ethnic, cultural, linguistic, religious, educational and employment backgrounds.
History The first settlers of the North Africans and Middle Easterners to Australia date back to 1862, when small groups of mainly Muslim cameleers shipped in and out of Australia at three-year intervals to serve South Australia's inland pastoral industry by carting goods and transportation wool bales by camel trains, who were commonly referred to as "Afghans" or "Ghans", despite their origin often being mainly from British India.
Permanent emigration of North Africans and Middle Easterners to Australia began in the 1940s onwards, possibly due to political turmoil in the MENA region that saw a wave of its international migrants. , they number 800,000 persons with a nomination of their distinct ancestries.
Demographics Australia does not collect statistics on the racial origins of its residents. Instead, it collects data at each five-yearly census on distinct ancestries, of which each census respondent may choose up to two. In the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorized within North African and Middle Eastern ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 3.2%. +Persons nominating North African and Middle Eastern Australian ancestries in 2021Ancestry PopulationAssyrian Australians62,452Arab Australians60,095Algerian Australians2,319Coptic Australians1,433Berber Australians340Bahraini Australians166Bari Australians95Darfuri Australians15Lebanese Australians248,434Iranian Australians81,119Egyptian Australians60,164Iraqi Australians57,859Palestinian Australians15,607Saudi Arabian Australians14,214Other North African and Middle Eastern 11,027Kurdish Australians10,171Jordanian Australians6,096Moroccan Australians4,192Libyan Australians1,076Mandaean Australians918Kuwaiti Australians815Nuer Australians185Omani Australians168Nubian Australians130Emirati Australians63Qatari Australians23Turkish Australians87,164Syrian Australians29,257Sudanese Australians16,809Yemeni Australians1,443Tunisian Australians1,037Yazidi Australians876
Social and political issues
Asylum seekers Asylum policy is a contentious wedge issue in Australian politics, with the two major political parties in Australia arguing that the issue is a border control problem and one concerning the safety of those attempting to come to Australia by boat.
In 1999, Middle Eastern immigrants fleeing from oppressive regimes in Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq began to arrive in large numbers. The Howard government extended the time they spent in mandatory detention and introduced temporary protection visas for boat arrivals. The deterrents did little to stop immigrants; roughly 12,000 asylum seekers reached Australia from 1999 to 2001. In 2011, Australia received 2.5% of the world's total number of claims for asylum. During 2012, more than 17,000 asylum seekers arrived via boat. The majority of the refugees came from Afghanistan, Iran, and Sri Lanka. In June 2012, a boatload of asylum seekers capsized in the Indian Ocean between Indonesia and Christmas Island, leading to 17 confirmed deaths, with 70 other people missing.
In 2015, the government rejected suggestions that it would accept Rohingyas (a persecuted Muslim minority in Myanmar) during the Rohingya refugee crisis, with the Prime Minister Tony Abbott responding "Nope, nope, nope. We have a very clear refugee and humanitarian program". However, later in the year the government unexpectedly increased its intake of refugees to accommodate persecuted minorities, such as Maronites, Yazidis and Druze, from the conflicts of the Syrian Civil War and Iraq War. (It was these refugees who swelled the figures for 2016–2017.)
Discrimination and violence
Islamophobia
Islamophobia is highly speculative and affective distrust and hostility towards Muslims, Islam, and those perceived as following the religion. This social aversion and bias is often facilitated and perpetuated in the media through the stereotyping of Muslims as violent and uncivilised. Various Australian politicians and political commentators have capitalised on these negative stereotypes and this has contributed to the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion of the Muslim community.
Islamophobia and intolerance towards Muslims existed well prior to the September 11 attacks in the United States. For example, Muslim immigration to Australia was restricted under the White Australia Policy (1901-1975).
See also African Australians American Australians Arab Australians Asian Australians Black Australians Caribbean and West Indian Australians European Australians Indigenous Australians Latin American Australians Arab diaspora Assyrian Australians Australian Jews Christianity in Australia Coptic Australians Egyptian diaspora Islam in Australia Lebanese diaspora Palestinian diaspora Syrian diaspora Syrian Australians
References