Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon Chesney Wilson (3 August 1865 – 6 November 1914) was a British Army officer and husband of the war correspondent Lady Sarah Wilson. As an Eton College student he assisted in thwarting Roderick Maclean's assassination attempt on Queen Victoria in 1882, before joining the Royal Horse Guards in 1887. Wilson was promoted quickly, and as a captain was appointed aide-de-camp to Robert Baden-Powell at the start of the Second Boer War, in which role he served through the Siege of Mafeking. He was created a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1901.
During the inter-war years Wilson joined his friend Winston Churchill on a fact-finding trip to East Africa, and then participated in a controversial treasure hunting expedition in Jerusalem. Having been promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1907, when the First World War began in 1914 Wilson took the Royal Horse Guards to the Western Front. Fighting in the First Battle of Ypres, on 6 November 1914 he was shot in the head and killed while repelling a German breakthrough at Kleine Zillebeke.
Early life Gordon Chesney Wilson was born at the Longerenong homestead, near Horsham, Victoria, in Australia, on 3 August 1865. He was the eldest son of the politician and philanthropist Sir Samuel Wilson and Jean Campbell. He had three younger brothers, including the Olympian Herbert Haydon Wilson, and three sisters. The elder Wilson was an ex-miner who had made a fortune as a pastoralist, and the family spent time in both England and Australia. In 1877 Wilson was enrolled at Melbourne Grammar School, but around two years later he moved to England, attending Eton College.
On 2 March 1882 Wilson was present with another schoolboy at Windsor railway station when Roderick Maclean attempted to assassinate Queen Victoria; the two boys attacked Maclean with their umbrellas and assisted in detaining him. Victoria visited Eton on 6 March to receive an address, and shook their hands in thanks. Some accounts report that Victoria also promised the boys commissions in the British Army. Wilson was one of the witnesses later brought to Maclean's trial. He went on to study at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1885.
Military career Marriage
Wilson's first military service was in the part-time militia. He became a lieutenant in the 3rd (Royal Bucks Militia) Battalion, Oxfordshire Light Infantry, on 17 January 1885. He transferred to the 3rd and 4th Battalions, the Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment), on 25 June of the same year. Wilson then joined the regular British Army as a second lieutenant on 4 May 1887, replacing a dead subaltern in the Royal Horse Guards (Blues). He was promoted to lieutenant on 5 December 1888. Soon after this promotion Wilson met Lady Sarah Spencer-Churchill, the youngest daughter of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough, through her sister Lady Fanny who his parents were friends with. Encouraged by Lady Randolph Churchill, Wilson and Sarah began to court. Ignoring the social disparity between their two families, Wilson proposed to and was accepted by her.
The couple were married on 21 November 1891 by Edward White Benson, the Archbishop of Canterbury, at St George's, Hanover Square. The wedding was a star-studded affair that included Edward, Prince of Wales and George, Duke of Cambridge, and was widely publicised. Wilson and Sarah would go on to have two sons; Randolph Gordon Wilson (1893–1956) and Adam Spencer Wilson (1894–1905). Wilson continued in the army after his marriage; despite his relatively lowly position, the historian Brian Roberts writes that the couple "lived like plutocrats". A professional and dedicated soldier, his only interest outside of his career was horseracing; notably one of his horses, Father O'Flynn, won the 1892 Grand National. After the wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck on 6 July 1893, Wilson commanded the Travelling Escort that took the couple to their honeymoon at Sandringham House. He was promoted to captain on 21 November the following year, at the same time as which he is recorded as serving in the Sovereign's Escort. Roberts describes Wilson in this period, saying:
Tour of South Africa In November 1895 Wilson and his wife travelled to South Africa to visit the Churchill family's gold mining interests in Johannesburg. Also on their ship was Alfred Beit, a gold magnate and friend of the family who was a key part of the conspiracy behind the Jameson Raid, an attempt to trigger an uprising in the South African Republic. Upon their arrival Beit took the Wilsons to visit Cecil Rhodes at Groote Schuur, where they stayed for several days and were onlookers to discussions relating to the issues in the Transvaal. The couple afterwards stayed with John Blades Currey in Kimberley, where they learned of the failure of the raid and witnessed the outrage in its aftermath.
The situation in South Africa was now not safe enough for the Wilsons to continue their visits, and they left for Cape Town on 11 January 1896. Rhodes resigned as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony a day later, and on 15 January the Wilsons saw him off at the docks as he sailed for England. Determined to still reach the Transvaal, they then received permission to go as passengers on board the troopship Victoria that was sailing to Durban to return Leander Starr Jameson and his raiders to Britain. They toured Johannesburg with a mining expert who had previously worked with Lord Randolph Churchill, staying at the house of Abe Bailey. Bailey had been arrested in the wake of the raid, and the Wilsons visited him in detention in Pretoria. After travelling to Doornkop to see where Jameson had been forced to surrender in his raid, the Wilsons returned to Britain.
Boer War Back in England the Wilsons became good friends of Jameson, who had been released after four months of imprisonment. In May 1899 they departed with him for South Africa, intent on a two-month visit to Rhodesia. Based in Bulawayo, they spent five weeks visiting local mines and exploring the veld. During this time the Bloemfontein Conference failed to lessen tensions between the Boer republics and Britain, and the country began to move to a war footing. In early July Rhodes, also returning to South Africa, invited the Wilsons to again stay at Groote Schuur. Rhodes was dismissive of the situation, saying that the Boers "will bluff up to the cannon's mouth", an opinion that Wilson disagreed with, instead believing that they needed to "prepare for the worst". On 25 July Colonel Robert Baden-Powell arrived at Cape Town to raise two regiments of mounted infantry for the defence of Rhodesia and Bechuanaland and to protect lines of communication. Refused permission to raise troops or funds at the Cape, he moved to Bulawayo. While there he appointed Wilson, who he had met at Groote Schuur, as his aide-de-camp, and he was seconded to Baden-Powell's service.
The Wilsons arrived at Bulawayo in August. Unable to locate a recruiting post at Mafeking, in Bechuanaland, because of negative associations with the Jameson Raid, Baden-Powell instead situated one at Ramatlhabama just to the north. Wilson was frequently employed travelling between headquarters and the recruitment post, with new men returning to Bulawayo to be trained. He also spent time with Baden-Powell on the border itself. In September the start of the Boer War came nearer and Baden-Powell was finally allowed to garrison Mafeking, taking Wilson with him. There they began to prepare for a protracted siege, training up a town guard and constructing artillery emplacements.
Sarah joined Wilson in Mafeking, the couple living in a small cottage in the town. Preparations for a siege continued into early October as the Boers massed on the border of Bechuanaland; with interest in the area increasing, Sarah was appointed by the Daily Mail to become their war correspondent covering the siege after the previous man was captured by the Boers attempting to leave. She thus became the first female war correspondent.
Siege of Mafeking
The Siege of Mafeking began on 13 October; Wilson wrote a letter to Sarah, who had left the town beforehand, describing how ineffectual the initial Boer bombardment was. On 3 December he received a letter from Sarah explaining that she had been captured by General Jacobus Philippus Snyman. Snyman offered to exchange Sarah for a convicted horse thief in Mafeking. Baden-Powell initially refused to agree to the exchange, and Wilson began offering a reward to anyone in Mafeking who would take the place of his wife. It was eventually decided that the horse thief would in fact be handed over, and Sarah returned to Mafeking on 5 December. Later the same day the Boers began a fresh bombardment of the town. Wilson was at the time shopping in the chemist which took a direct hit and was totally destroyed; one nearby man was cut to pieces but Wilson emerged unscathed.
After a Christmas Day truce, in the early morning of 26 December Wilson and most of Baden-Powell's staff participated in a sortie attacking Game Tree Hill, a well-placed and dangerous Boer gun emplacement. The Boers were however prepared for the attack; the British armoured train was stopped before it reached the hill, and the location was more heavily defended than had been expected. After around two hours of fighting the British withdrew to Mafeking. The 100-strong force received around fifty per cent casualties, including twenty-four killed. Wilson survived unharmed, with the staff having mostly observed from a nearby fort, but in January the following year he received a severe attack of peritonitis. He initially recuperated with Sarah, who was serving as a nurse, in her dugout. When she also fell ill with tonsillitis they were moved to the Mafeking convent, the replacement for the destroyed convalescent home, with Wilson having to be driven there as he was unable to walk.
On 26 January 1900 the Wilsons were dining with Major Hamilton Goold-Adams when a Boer artillery shell burst above their building, collapsing one wall on top of them. A rescue party dragged the three out of the rubble, they having received only light wounds. Roberts notes that "their survival was regarded as little short of a miracle". Having in the meantime recovered from their illnesses, the Wilsons left the convent the same day. In February it was learned that Mafeking would have to hold out for relief until May, but food stocks would only last until April. In response to this a horse meat factory was created, and Wilson used the products of this to organise soup kitchens for the native population. By the end of the month the soup, concocted from dog, horse, mule, and chicken, could feed around 1,000 people a day. With dwindling food and the possibility that relief would not arrive until June, on 12 May a Boer attack succeeded in breaking into Mafeking police barracks. Snyman failed to reinforce the attack and after holding out for the rest of the day, the remaining Boers surrendered.
A relief force under Colonel Bryan Mahon arrived on 17 May, with Wilson first spotting them from a lookout post. He brought together a force of horsemen and artillery and, with Baden-Powell, rode out to cut off a Boer detachment trying to stop Mahon. They returned in the evening having failed to find the Boers in the worsening light, but in the night Mahon's column entered Mafeking, ending the 217-day siege. Wild celebrations took place in Britain after the relief, with a large crowd forming outside the Grosvenor Square house where the Wilson children were staying. The Mafeking garrison recuperated and by 3 June was ready for further action. They travelled to Rustenburg and occupied it in order to clear the route between Mafeking and Pretoria.