Selenidostannates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of selenium connected to tin. They can be considered as stannates where selenium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the selenogermanates and thiostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenidotetrelates or more broadly chalcogenometallates.
Formation Some selenidostannates can be made by treating tin diselenide (SnSe2) with an alkali selenide dissolved in water. Other possible solvents include choline chloride with 1,8-diaminooctane,
Properties Most selenidostannates are semiconductors. Their resistance drops on exposure to light. Also selenidostannates are often coloured, most often orange, red or yellow.
Many are unstable in humid air, as the water reacts with the selenidostannate to form hydrogen selenide (H2Se).
Use Selenidostannates are primarily of research interest. They are under investigation as photoelectric materials.
List namechemmwcrystal systemspace groupunit cell Åvolumedensitycommentreferencestris(μ2-1,2-Diaminoethane)-1,2-diaminoethane-di-lithium triselenido-tin(iv)Li4Sn2Se6 · 8enmonoclinicC2/ca=22.660 b=9.449 c=20.336 β=101.24°diammonium[NH4]2Sn4Se9orthorhombicPnmaa =13.2274 b=12.4270 c=12.6102supertetrahedra Sn4Se10 arranged in layersbis(dimethylammonium) heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin dimethylamine solvate[NH2(CH3)2]2Sn3Se7·0.5NH(CH3)2monoclinicC2/ca=23.5939 b=13.6409 c=15.0372, β=102.177°chains of Sn3Se8tetrakis(ethylammonium) tetradecakis(μ-selenido)-hexa-tin[NH3C2H5]2Sn3Se7orthorhombicCmcaa=13.5561 b=24.0194 c=27.0184bis(Ethylenediammonium) ethylenediamine bis((μ2-selenido)-diseleno-tin(iv))[enH2]2[Sn2Se6] · entriclinicPa =8.636 b =11.044 c =6.613, α =104.48° β =110.76° γ =79.43°twin edge-bridged SnSe4 tetrahedratetrakis(2-Aminoethylammonium) bis(μ2-selenido)-tetraselenido-di-tin(iv) 1,2-diaminoethane[enH]4[SnIV2Se6] · entriclinicPa=11.212 b=11.631 c=13.097, α=79.40° β=76.82° γ=64.82°catena(Ethylenediammonium hemiethylenediamine (μ3-selenido)-hexakis(μ2-selenido)-tri-tin(iv))[enH2][Sn3Se7]·0.5enorthorhombicFdd2a=23.597 b=27.563 c=13.877catena-(tetrakis(μ2-Seleno)-ethylenediamine-di-tin(iv))[2 SnSe2·en]orthorhombicPca21a 1=3.724 b =11.866 c =13.647[(C2H5)3NH]2Sn3Se7P2121212.12 eV[(C2H5)3NH]2Sn3Se7·0.25H2OmonoclinicP21/n2.1 eV(Et4N)2Sn3Se7monoclinicP21/ma=10.140 b=13.858 c=12.071, β=100.649°[NEt4]4[Sn4Se10]cubicP3na = 22.17010897bis(tetrapropylammonium) nonaselenidotetrastannate(IV)([C3H7]4N)2[Sn4Se9]monoclinicP21/na = 15.328, b = 19.058, c = 15.398, β = 97.947°, Z = 44454.7orange(C7N4OH16)2Sn3Se7·H2orthorhombicPbca(NH3(CH2)8NH3)Sn3Se7triclinicPOctane-1,8-diammonium (μ3-selena)-hexakis(μ2-selena)-tri-tin(NH3(CH2)8NH3)Sn3Se7triclinicPa=8.4419 b=11.6441 c=13.1857 α=66.636° β=77.989° γ=83.919°Decane-1,10-diammonium (μ3-selena)-hexakis(μ2-selena)-tri-tin(NH3(CH2)10NH3)Sn3Se7monoclinicC2/ca=23.726 b=13.910 c=15.954 β=111.915°(NH3(CH2)10NH3)Sn3Se7monoclinicC2/ctetrakis(1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(μ3-selenido)-octadecakis(μ2-selenido)-nona-tinmonoclinicP21/ca =18.652 b=20.353 c=20.196 β=105.244°tetrakis(1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) dodecakis(μ2-selenido)-diselenido-hexa-tin[Mmpmim]4Sn6Se14monoclinicP21/ca=14.270 b=15.549 c=14.377 β=92.749°bis(1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) (μ3-selenido)-hexakis(μ2-selenido)-tri-tin[Mmpmim]2Sn3Se7trigonalP3221a=13.9470 b=13.9470 c=27.8553octakis(1,2-dimethyl-3-butyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) tetrakis(μ3-selenido)-docosakis(μ2-selenido)-diselenido-dodeca-tin[Mmpmim]8Sn12Se26monoclinicP21/ca=24.538 b=13.961 c=19.434 β=94.539°tetra(1,2-dimethyl-3-butyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(μ3-selenido)-dodecakis(μ2-selenido)-hexa-tin[Mmbmim]4Sn6Se14trigonalP3221a=13.9381 c=27.774[prmmim]2[Sn3Se7]P3221Bmmim=1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium[bmmim]2[Sn3Se7]P3221band gap 2.2 eVBzmim = 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium) heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin[Bzmim]2[Sn3Se7]orthorhombicPbcaa=14.297 b=13.8808 c=16.8855 β=99.817°Emim = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium pentakis(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) bis(heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin) chloride unknown solvate[Emim]5[Sn3Se7]2ClhexagonalP63/mmca=13.8331 c=18.4649[DBNH]2[Sn3Se7]·PEGmonoclinicC2/cband gap 2.13 eV[DBNH]3[NH4][Sn6Se14]trigonalRband gap 2.02 eV(H+-DBN)2[Sn3Se7]Cmc21band gap 2.02 eV(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]2[Sn3Se7]orthorhombicPbcaband gap 2.35 eVcatena-[bis(2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium) heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin monohydrate](CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]2[Sn3Se7]∙H2OmonoclinicP21/na=9.8365 b=13.5796 c=20.7384 β=92.727° Z=42893.02.606orange; catena-[bis(N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium) heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin](CH3)3N(CH2)2CH3]2[Sn3Se7]orthorhombicPbcaa =17.534 b =13.7273 c =24.1221 Z=85806.22.547orangebis(N,N,N-trimethylbutanaminium) poly[heptaselenidotristannate(IV)](Bu(CH3)3N)2[Sn3Se7]monoclinicC2/ca = 23.950, b = 13.760, c = 20.011, β = 114.565°, Z = 85998orangeAEPP = N-aminoethylpiperazine[AEPPH2]2[Sn5Se12]triclinicPa = 10.6351, b = 10.6850, c = 10.7771, α = 61.344°, β = 62.442°, γ = 67.468phen=1,10-Phenanthroline(CH3NH3)4(Sn2Se6)·6phentriclinicPa 10.594 b 12.225 c 14.945 α 83.589° β 83.133° γ 86.604°Im=imidazolium catena-(pentakis(3-n-butyl-1-methylimidazolium) dodecakis(μ-selenido)-nona-tin tetrafluoroborate)(C4C1C1Im)5[Sn9Se20][BF4]monoclinicP21/na=13.878 b=20.365 c=31.026 β =91.326° Z=487662.652orangeDMMP=2,6-dimethylmorpholine(DMMPH)4[Sn2Se6]monoclinicP21/na=6.158 b=22.381 c=14.642 β=93.57° Z=22014.11.926yellowcatena-(bis(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) bis(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium) tetradecakis(μ-selenido)-hexa-tin)(C2C1Im)2(DMMPH)2[Sn6Se14]monoclinicP21/na=20.616 b=13.857 c=19.629 β=107.40° Z=453512.821orangecatena-[tetrakis(3-n-Butyl-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(μ3-selenido)-undecakis(μ2-selenido)-selenido-hexa-tin(iv)][BMMIm]4[Sn6Se14] monoclinicP21/ca 24.2744 b 13.8901 c 19.1763 β 94.083° Z=46449.32.503orangecatena-(hexadecakis(1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium) octakis(μ3-selenido)-octatetracontakis(μ2-selenido)-tetracosa-tin)[BMMIm]16[Sn24Se56] trigonalP32a=27.8622 c=28.0566 Z=318862.42.568redcatena-(tris(3-Butyl-1,2-dimethylimidazolium) 2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium (μ3-selenido)-dodecakis(μ2-selenido)-selenido-hexa-tin)[BMMIm]3[DMMPH][Sn6Se14] triclinicPa 11.1358 b 12.6745 c 23.362, α 89.690° β 88.473° γ 72.098° Z=23136.62.534orange or yellow (low temp)1-butyl-3-methyl-inidazolinium[BMIm]4[Sn9Se20]monoclinicCca=19.901 b=26.494 c=14.447 β=105.34 Z=473612.892redcatena-[bis(2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium) heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin monohydrate][HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3]2Sn3Se7·H2OmonoclinicP21/na 9.8365 b 13.5796 c 20.7384 β 92.727°orange (high temp) or yellowcatena-[bis(N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium) heptakis(μ-selenido)-tri-tin][CH3CH2CH2N(CH3)3]2Sn3Se7orthorhombicPbcaa 17.403 b 13.7025 c 23.91132.852yellowtetrakis(piperidinium) bis(μ-selenido)-tetraselenido-di-tin{[Sn2Se6]·4(C5NH12)}monoclinicP21/na 10.3277 b 10.2808 c 15.7823 β 96.725°2.0110redcatena-[bis(3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ium) tetrakis(μ-selenido)-hexa-tin]{[Sn3Se7]·2(HDBN)} DBN = 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-eneorthorhombicCmc21a 13.4435 b 24.4817 c 14.4494red[dabcoH]2[(CH3)2NH2]2[Sn2Se6]monoclinicC2/ma=20.172 b=11.674 c=6.476 β=103.15 Z=21485.22.303yellow(N2H4)3(N2H5)4Sn2Se6triclinicPa = 6.6475, b = 9.5474, c = 9.883, α = 94.110°, β = 99.429°, γ = 104.141°, Z = 1bis(1-Aminoethylammonium) bis(4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo(8.8.8)hexacosane-potassium) bis(μ2-seleno)-tetraseleno-di-tin(iv)(enH)2(2,2,2-crypt-K)2Sn2Se6monoclinicP21/na=8.442 b=25.877 c=14.821 β=104.19°(MeSn)4Se6triclinicPa = 9.147, b =10.495 c =10.508, α = 85.60, β = 89.83 γ =65.71° Z=2916adamantane structureNa4SnS4tetragonalI41acdNa4SnS4tetragonalP21ca=7.84679 c=6.95798, Z=2428.42yellowNa4SnSe4·14H2ONa4SnSe4·16H2OmonoclinicP21/ma = 8.673, b = 16.563, c = 8.647, β = 92.10°, Z = 2tetrahedra; Sn-Se bond length 2.504−2.527 ÅNa4Sn2S6·5H2ONa4Sn2Se6·13H2OtriclinicPa = 7.106, b = 10.330, c = 19.009, α = 78.60, β = 85.66, γ = 72.85° Z = 2 (at −130 °C)orange-red; tetrahedral edge-shared pairsNa4Ge2Se6 · 16 H2OmonoclinicP21/ca = 9.894, b = 11.781, c = 12.225, β = 92.90°, Z = 2Na4Sn3Se8trigonal bipyramid + tetrahedronNa6Sn4Se11 · 22 H2OmonoclinicC2/ca 15.325 b 11.634 c 26.739 β 95.81°yellow-orangeNa6Sn2Se7·16H2Oredcatena-(tris(1-Amino-2-ammonioethane) octakis(μ3-selenido)-hexakis(μ2-selenido)-sodium-hexa-tin sesquikis(dimethylamine) sesquihydrate)(enH)3Na[Sn3Se7]2·1.5Me2NH·1.5H2OR32a=13.8647 c=18.962Na+ ion conductorbis((μ4-Selenido)-(μ3-selenido)-bis(μ2-ethylene-1,2-diamine))-tetra-sodium-tin[Na4(en)4][SnSe4]orthorhombicP41212a=13.090 b=13.090 c=14.548Li2MgNaSe4orthorhombicPmn21a = 8.40 b = 7.18 c = 6.73 Z=2405.93.867yellow; moisture absorbingSnPSe3monoclinicPna=6.8161 b=7.7264 c=9.6437 β=91.073°K4SnSe4orthorhombicPnmaa=14.714 b=10.323 c=8.248 Z=4yellow2D-K2Sn2Se5orthorhombicPbcaa=13.0246 b=12.186 c=14.135 Z=8K2[Sn3Se7]hexagonalP6522a=13.8325 c=43.295redK4Sn2Se6tetrahedral edge-shared pairsK4Sn3Se8orthorhombicCccaa 8.214 b 27.795 c 8.2136K0.5[Sn3Se7]hexagonalP6522a=13.8325 c 43.295 Z=127174.12.579redK6Sn4Se11 . 8H2OmonoclinicC2/ca =28.004 b =9 c =15.192, β 113.8°K6[SnIII2Se6]K4Sn4Se10·4.5H2OtrigonalRa=15.32 c=21.019tetrakis(Tetramethylammonium) (hexakis(μ2-seleno)-di-tin(iv)-potassium)K(N(CH3)4)3Sn2Se6triclinicPa 9.587 b 10.005 c 15.996 α 95.15° β 92.81° γ 106.96°(μ2-Ethylene-1,2-diamine-N,N')-bis(ethylene-1,2-diamine-N)-bis(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane)-di-potassium (μ2-ethylene-1,2-diamine-N,N')-(ethylene-1,2-diamine-N)-bis(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane)-di-potassium hexakis(μ2-selenido)-(tetraselenoxy)-tetra-tin(iv)[18-crown-6-K]4[Sn4Se10]·5enmonoclinicP21/na=22.003 b=18.966 c=24.392 β=97.548°dipotassium(+) bis[(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane)potassium(+)] hexaselenodistannate(4-) tetrakis(ethylenediamine) solvate (18-crown-6)K2[K(C12H24O6)]2[Sn2Se6].4C2H8N2monoclinicP21/na=15.634 b=8.479 c=23.404 β=108.60°bis((4,7,13,16,21,24-Hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo(8.8.8)hexacosane)-potassium) tris(tetraselenido)-tin(iv)[K-(2,2,2-crypt)]2Sn(Se4)3triclinicPa=10.7088 b=12.9986 c=21.7865 α=86.299° β=81.598° γ=87.258°Ca(en)4Ca(en)3[Sn2Se6]triclinicPa = 10.2708, b = 12.2739, c = 16.3103, α = 93.576°, β = 90.609°, γ = 109.269°, Z = 1 1936.09[VII(dien)2]2[Sn2Se6]monoclinicP21/na 9.7686 b 15.094 c 12.517 β 91.007°band gap 2.11 eVcatena-(tetraethylenepentaminedi-ium octakis(μ-selenido)-bis(tetraethylenepentamine)-tetraselenolato-tetra-tin(iv)-di-vanadium(iii))[H2tepa]0.5[VIII(tepa)(μ-Sn2Se6)]orthorhombicAbm2a=7.808 b=41.97 c=16.982 Z=855652.496tepa = tetraethylenepentamine bis(Hydroxy-tetraethylenepentamine-chromium) 1,3,2,4-diselenadistannetane-2,2,4,4-tetrakis(selenolate) monohydrate[Cr(tepa)(OH)]2Sn2Se6·H2OorthorhombicPbcna=16.767 b=14.552 c=14.8592.08 eVpeha = pentaethylenehexamide bis(Pentaethylenehexamine-chromium) dichloride 1,3,2,4-diselenadistannetane-2,2,4,4-tetrakis(selenolate)[Cr(peha)]2(Sn2Se6)Cl2monoclinicP21/na=9.636 b=14.361 c=15.357 β=106.50°2.19 eVen = ethylenediamine, pip = piperazine