Indirect single transferable votingWaqar, M. (2020). Gender Quotas and Political Dynasties: Explaining Women's Substantive Representation in Pakistan's National Assembly (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University). or Gove systemThe Proportional Representation Congress Stoughton Cooley The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 4 (Nov., 1893), pp. 112-117 (6 pages)My big, bold ranked-choice voting proposal is a version of single transferable vote (STV), where the vote transfer is determined by the candidate's instructions, not voter's marked preferences. This system produces many of the benefits of STV without the complexity of having voters mark ranked votes. Under indirect STV, there would be no need to concentrate the votes in one place for vote transfers to be performed.Indirect STV Election: A Voting System for South AfricaHoag and Hallett, Proportional Representation (1926), p. 53-56
Indirect STV was invented by Walter Baily, of Leeds, and put forward in his 1872 book PR in Large Constituencies.Baily's book online: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044080049836&seq=12
Archibald E. Dobbs of Ireland, author of Representative Reform for Ireland (1879), wrote of indirect STV in his 1871 book General Representation.Hoag, Effective Voting (1914)Jenifer Hart, Proportional Representation (1992), p. 72
Legislator William H. Gove, of Salem, Massachusetts, defended it publicly in the 1890s.Gove, William H. 1894. “The Relation of the Gove System to Other Methods of Proportional Representation.” Proportional Representation Review 2, no. 6 (December 1894): 41–7. https://jacksantucci.com/docs/papers/partyattack.pdf In America, why does proportional voting have to attack political parties? Jack Santucci, April 5, 2018]
Indirect STV, as defined here, is not used currently in government elections.
Indirect single transferable voting is distinct from an indirect election by the single transferable vote, which means an election by a legislative body or electoral college (instead of the enfranchised population) using the single transferable vote election system. Indirect election by the single transferable vote is used to elect some members in some states of India and for election of some positions within the Indian national assembly. The indirect single transferable voting is used to elect some members of the Senate of Pakistan. (Election of many Senate members is done by elected provincial members, using STV of the usual form.)Senate Elections 2018, How to Vote under the System of Proportional Representation by Means of a Single Transferable Vote (Election Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad) (https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/1/Senate%20English%20Book.pdf)
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