Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus is a species of killifish in the family Rivulidae.Costa, W.J.E.M., 2007. Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus, a new miniature seasonal killifish from the upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil (Teleostei: Cyprinidontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 18(3):199-203. It is found in the seasonal canals of floodplains of the Rio da Pratain in the Rio Aporé drainage in the upper Paraná basin, Brazil.
Description Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus reaches a standard length of .
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