The United States Semiquincentennial Commission is the congressionally appointed body in charge of promoting and coordinating the United States Semiquincentennial. It was created in 2016 as a bipartisan initiative signed into law by President Barack Obama. The commission has been chaired by Rosie Rios since July 2022.
The commission, going by the branding America250, is separate from the Donald Trump-aligned White House Task Force on Celebrating America's 250th Birthday, going by the branding Freedom 250. In 2025, federal resources were diverted away from America250 and the Interior Department instructed its staff to make Freedom 250 the "primary branding" for all national events. The change led to confusion by artists and the public over their connection to the Trump administration, and was described as "overshadowing" the commission's plans.
Formation The commission was created by , and signed by President of the United States Barack Obama. The act was amended by , to allow the commission to accept congressional funding, alter the non-voting ex officio membership, and to make other technical changes, such as not requiring all meetings to be held in Philadelphia, and instead requiring only one be held each year in that city.
The commissioners, who are designated by the party leaders of the United States Senate and the House, count a total of eight from Congress, of which, two from each chamber will be designated by their party leader, respectively. In addition, the law provides for the appointment of private citizens, defined as those who are neither employees nor offices of any federal or state or local government. These are appointed by the aforementioned party leadership, with each leader naming four, for a total of sixteen. Among these sixteen, the President of the United States designates a chairperson.
On November 16, 2018, the then-33 members, of the commission, who are referred to as commissioners, were sworn in at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, which was chosen by Congress "to honor the historical significance of the building as the site of deliberations and adoption of both the United States Declaration of Independence and Constitution," and convened their first organizing meeting to begin eight years of planning and organizing for the 250th national birthday celebration. Chairman DiLella, designated as such by President Donald Trump, estimated that the group would meet three or four times a year. The new commission originally consisted of 16 private citizens, including chairman DiLella, eight members of Congress and nine federal officials. In 2020, the organic law was amended to increase the number of non voting ex officio federal officials to a total of 12, including a member designated by the chief justice of the United States, increasing the overall body's membership to 36.
All commission work, which consists of "inclusion — geographic, demographic — [as] a core theme," shall cease by its termination, on December 31, 2027.
As determined by its organic law, the United States secretary of the interior held a competitive application process to select "the nonprofit partner that [would] serve as Administrative Secretariat for the...Commission." On May 4, 2018, the then-Civil War Trust, now known as the American Battlefield Trust, was chosen. The Administrative Secretariat's responsibilities include housing the commission, raising funds for it and preparing reports to Congress on behalf of the commission. Additionally, the commission works in tandem with the America250 Foundation, "its private, nonprofit partner," which was founded in 2019 by the commission and trust themselves, and is "the primary service provider to the [commission]," under a master service agreement enacted in May 2020. The commission and foundation both "share a website" and work and identify themselves under America250 banner, in addition to having the DiLella as chairman in both organizations. In addition, the commission helped create a congressional caucus, the Congressional America250 Caucus to act as a liaison between commission and Congress.
On November 2, 2020, Donald Trump, through Executive Order 13958, determined that the 1776 Commission shall "advise and offer recommendations to the president and the United States Semiquincentennial Commission regarding the federal government's plans to celebrate the 250th anniversary of American independence and coordinate with relevant external stakeholders on their plans." On the following January 20, the aforesaid executive order was rescinded by Joe Biden, through Executive Order 13985, on his first day in office. It was re-established by Trump upon his re-election in January 2025.
Funding Under its 2016 original enabling legislation, "[a]ll expenditures of the commission shall be made solely from donated funds," however, the 2020 amendments permitted that "[a]ll expenditures of the commission shall be made from donations, earned income, and any funds made available."The Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) PAYGO 2020 annual report details a net PAYGO impact of $0 even after its planned life course up until 2030. The OMB did not originally score the $8 million contribution under Public Law 116–260, labeling it "as a non-expenditure development transfer," regardless, they corrected the error afterwards.For its work in the immediate four-year run-up to the Semiquincentennial, the commission requested that their appropriations be almost doubled, from $8 million to $15 million. Per the proposed budget for fiscal year 2023:
In February 2022, it was reported that "[t]he commission [had] received some $12 million in federal appropriations so far, most of which it has turned over to the America250 Foundation," however, the following month, per Commissioner James L. Swanson, the amount ascended to "$20 million so far," probably due to the approval of an additional $8 million in the days following his statement.
According to an internal finance report, the foundation was primarily funded by the commission, which transferred $11.8 million of congressional appropriations, as of December 2021. The second-highest donor was catalogued as an unnamed "national sponsor" that contributed $2 million, which was later revealed to be Facebook, under a June 2021 agreement that provides for a total of $10 million to be paid in instalments.
Congress has designated the following amounts: +Federal appropriationsAmountEnabling legislation2019$500,0002020$3,300,0002021$8,000,0002022$8,000,000Public Law No: 117–1032023$15,000,000 Projected2024$15,000,0002025$16,000,0002026$16,000,0002027$16,000,000
Concerns and incidents During the months of February and March 2022, through a series of Wall Street Journal exposés, the commission, along with the America250 Foundation, were "accused . . . of a variety of misdeeds (including discrimination, which the foundation denies)," even though the foundation had stated that in its presidential and CEO job opening that it was "committed to an inclusive environment where diverse thinking and opinions are shared in a supportive, team-oriented environment."
Sexism allegations In September 2021, both Anna Laymon, who had served as vice president of programs and planning, as well as Keri Potts, then-vice president of communications and publications, resigned. The former stated that, among "bouts of organizational instability and mismanagement," there was also a lack of "women in any of the most important positions of power and influence at America250," with her appointment being "used as window dressing with each layer of higher level leadership positions being filled with men."
The following December, both Renee Burchard, then-chief administration officer and chief of staff, and Garlock, who had served as the foundation's chief legal officer, resigned on the same day.
A letter that was sent to Burchard the following month was cause for an inquiry by the office of Commissioner Bonnie Watson Coleman, one of two Democratic Representatives in the commission. The day after being contacted by Rep. Watson Coleman's office, "Chairman...DiLella, who serves as chairman of both the commission and the foundation, emailed other leaders saying that "four former senior members raised certain concerns." He promised "a thorough, impartial investigation into the issues raised, to be conducted by a third-party." However, as of March 2022, chief communications officer Michael Frazier stated "that no one had yet been selected to conduct such an investigation."
Burchard's eleven-page resignation letter alleged that the foundation's legal counsel had determined that Jesse Askew, vice president of branding and marketing, should have been terminated for submitting "fraudulent expense report and unauthorized invoices" totaling $30,000 of federally-appropriated money, which, nevertheless, had been subsequently approved. Since Askew is Black, then-interim foundation president, Scott Hommel, determined that September to not fire him. Burchard reported that Hommel's decision boiled down to the public relations implications, and, that a soon-to-be employee who happened to be Black should fire Askew, as Hommel declared "when a black guy fires a black guy, then it's not that bad and would be viewed differently."
Askew alleged that Garlock had approved said invoices, however, she stated that "[a]s chief legal officer, I never had the authority to approve, ratify or sign contracts on behalf of the foundation. These agreements, if executed, were entered into over strong and continuous objections."
After the initial news report, three commissioners, Senator Robert Casey, as well as representatives Dwight Evans and Watson Coleman, wrote to DiLella, citing the article, as well as their concerns relating that the misuse of funds "or any discriminations in any way involved in their expenditure in unacceptable." In response, DiLella stated that they allegations were taken "seriously," they had knowledge of the complaints," there would be "plans to hire n outside firm to investigate the allegations," and that he believed that the ensuing results of the investing would entirely vindicate the commission.
On February 25, the four former executives filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the commission, the foundation, and the America Battlefield Trust, "alleging mismanagement and discrimination drove them from their jobs." The suit also alleges that both the commission and the Trust failed in their oversight roles of the foundation, with accusing leadership of "cronyism, self-dealing, mismanagement of funds, potentially unlawful contracting practices and wasteful spending." In addition, it states that DiLella had repeatedly named associates of him to positions of importance, some of the appointments starting off on a voluntary basis and then being transferred to being compensated, a practice, which, in turn created "a 'boys club,' freezing out the women who were given titles and large responsibilities, but no authority or input into key decisions of the foundation," since, "[f]rom the creation of the foundation until December 2021, only four women served in executive leadership roles," who, coincidentally, were the four plaintiffs.
The requested redress are lost wages, as well as "a Court-mandated full forensic investigation of the foundation and Commission with respect to pay practices, employment policies and financial transactions and contracts." By March 7, Frazier publicly expressed his and DiLella's hopes of commencing a review in the following 30 days.