The genus Pyrenula consists of crustose lichens that usually grow on smooth, shaded bark. About 750 taxa have been named in the genus, although the majority of these names have been excluded from the genus as they have been transferred to other genera, or are considered synonyms. In his world key to the Pyrenula species, published in 2012, André Aptroot accepted 169 species, including 7 not yet formally described. , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 269 species of Pyrenula.

A

Pyrenula abditicarpa – Brazil Pyrenula acutispora Pyrenula adacta Pyrenula aggregataspistea – South America Pyrenula albonigra – Brazil Pyrenula andina Pyrenula annulata Pyrenula anomala Pyrenula arthoniotheca – India Pyrenula asahinae – Japan Pyrenula aspistea Pyrenula astroidea Pyrenula asymmetrica – Colombia Pyrenula aurantiacorubra – Brazil Pyrenula aurantioinspersa – South America Pyrenula aurantiopileata – Thailand Pyrenula aurantiothallina – Brazil

B Pyrenula baileyi Pyrenula bataanensis Pyrenula bicuspidata Pyrenula biseptata Pyrenula bispora – Brazil Pyrenula borneensis – Borneo Pyrenula breutelii

C

Pyrenula caraibica – Panama Pyrenula celaticarpa – Brazil Pyrenula cerina Pyrenula ceylonensis Pyrenula chloroplaca – Australia Pyrenula chlorospila Pyrenula ciliata Pyrenula cinnabarina – Brazil Pyrenula clavatispora – Florida Pyrenula coccinea – Brazil Pyrenula concatervans Pyrenula confinis Pyrenula conspurcata Pyrenula convexa Pyrenula cornutispora – South America Pyrenula corticata Pyrenula coryli Pyrenula crassiuscula – Brazil Pyrenula cruenta Pyrenula cruentata Pyrenula cryptothelia – Panama Pyrenula cubica – Guyana

D Pyrenula dalmatioides – New Zealand Pyrenula darjeelingensis – India Pyrenula decumbens Pyrenula defossa Pyrenula dermatodes Pyrenula diamantinensis – Brazil Pyrenula duplicans

E Pyrenula endocrocea – Philippines Pyrenula endoperidermica – Costa Rica

F Pyrenula ferruginea – Costa Rica Pyrenula fibrata Pyrenula filiformis – New Caledonia Pyrenula finitima Pyrenula flavascolea – Ecuador Pyrenula flavicans – Colombia Pyrenula flavida – Guyana Pyrenula flavoinspersa – South America Pyrenula fuscoluminata Pyrenula fusispora Pyrenula fusoluminata – Brazil

G Pyrenula galactina Pyrenula gahavisukana Pyrenula gibberulosa Pyrenula globifera Pyrenula grossa Pyrenula guyanensis – South America

H Pyrenula hawaiiensis – Hawaii Pyrenula henrici – Papua New Guinea Pyrenula hibernica – Panama Pyrenula howeana – Australia

I Pyrenula immersa Pyrenula indusiata Pyrenula infracongruens Pyrenula infraleucotrypa – South America Pyrenula inframamillana – South America Pyrenula infrastroidea – South America Pyrenula inspersicollaris – Brazil Pyrenula inspersoleucotrypa – Argentina Pyrenula inversa – Colombia

L

Pyrenula laevigata Pyrenula laii – Taiwan Pyrenula latens – Costa Rica Pyrenula leptaleoides – Brazil Pyrenula largei – New Zealand Pyrenula leucostoma Pyrenula lilacina – Brazil Pyrenula lineatostroma Pyrenula luteopruinosa – Panama Pyrenula lyonii

M

Pyrenula macrospora Pyrenula macularis Pyrenula mamillana Pyrenula maritima – South America Pyrenula mastigophora – South Solomons Pyrenula mastophora Pyrenula mastophorizans Pyrenula mattickiana – South America Pyrenula media Pyrenula melaleuca Pyrenula microcarpa Pyrenula microcarpoides Pyrenula micromma Pyrenula microtheca Pyrenula minae Pyrenula minoides – South America Pyrenula minutispora – Brazil Pyrenula minutissima – Iran Pyrenula monospora – South America Pyrenula montana Pyrenula montocensis Pyrenula multicolorata – Sri Lanka Pyrenula muriciliata – Mauritius Pyrenula musaespora – Brazil

N Pyrenula neojaponica – Japan Pyrenula neolaevigata – Japan Pyrenula neosandwicensis Pyrenula nigrocincta Pyrenula nitida Pyrenula nitidans Pyrenula nitidella Pyrenula nitidula

O

Pyrenula occidentalis Pyrenula occulta Pyrenula ocellulata – Sri Lanka Pyrenula ochraceoflava Pyrenula oxysporiza

P

Pyrenula papillifera Pyrenula paraminarum – South America Pyrenula parvinuclea Pyrenula perfecta – South America Pyrenula pinguis Pyrenula platystoma Pyrenula plicata – South America Pyrenula porinoides Pyrenula prostrata – New Zealand Pyrenula pseudobufonia Pyrenula punctoleucotrypa – Argentina Pyrenula pyrenastroides – New Zealand Pyrenula pyrenastrospora Pyrenula pyrenuloides Pyrenula pyrgillospora

Q Pyrenula quadratolocularis – New Zealand Pyrenula quartzitica – Brazil Pyrenula quassiicola

R Pyrenula ravenelii Pyrenula reebiae – North America Pyrenula reginae – Brazil Pyrenula relicta Pyrenula rhomboidea – Brazil Pyrenula rinodinospora – Papua New Guinea Pyrenula rubroanomala Pyrenula rubroinspersa – South America Pyrenula rubrojavanica – Java Pyrenula rubrolateralis – Brazil Pyrenula rubromamillana – Brazil Pyrenula rubromarginata – Guyana Pyrenula rubronitidula – South America Pyrenula rubrostigma – South America Pyrenula rubrostoma Pyrenula rufotetraspora – China

S

Pyrenula salmonea – Brazil Pyrenula sanguinea – Brazil Pyrenula sanguineoastroidea – Brazil Pyrenula sanguineomeandrata Pyrenula sanguineostiolata Pyrenula santensis Pyrenula schiffneri Pyrenula segregata Pyrenula seminuda – South America Pyrenula sexlocularis Pyrenula sexluminata Pyrenula shirleyana – Australia Pyrenula sipmanii – South Korea Pyrenula solomonii – New Zealand Pyrenula spissitunicata – South Solomons Pyrenula subcongruens Pyrenula subcylindrica – India Pyrenula submacularis – China Pyrenula submicromma – French Guiana Pyrenula subsoluta Pyrenula subumbilicata – Australia Pyrenula subvariolosa – Australia Pyrenula supracongruens Pyrenula supralaetior – Brazil

T Pyrenula tetraspora – South America Pyrenula thailandica – Papua New Guinea; India; Thailand Pyrenula tica – Bolivia; Costa Rica Pyrenula tokyoensis – Japan Pyrenula triangularis – South America

V Pyrenula velatior Pyrenula vermicularis – Japan Pyrenula violaceastroidea – Brazil Pyrenula viridipyrgilla – South America

W Pyrenula warmingii Pyrenula welwitschii

Y Pyrenula yunguiensis – China

X Pyrenula xanthinspersa Pyrenula xanthoglobulifera – Brazil Pyrenula xanthomaculata – Costa Rica; Colombia Pyrenula xanthominuta – Australia

Former Pyrenula species

Many taxa once placed in Pyrenula have been moved to other genera or have been synonymized; these former Pyrenula species are listed here.

Pyrenula achariana = Melanotheca achariana Pyrenula achroopora = Pyrenula dermatodes Pyrenula addubitans = Pleospora addubitans Pyrenula aenea = Pseudosagedia aenea Pyrenula aethiobola = Verrucaria aethiobola Pyrenula albissima = Leptorhaphis epidermidis Pyrenula americana = Anisomeridium americanum Pyrenula analepta = Arthopyrenia analepta Pyrenula annularis = Astrothelium annulare Pyrenula aractina = Hydropunctaria aractina Pyrenula areolata = Staurothele areolata Pyrenula arthonioides = Pyrenula arthoniotheca Pyrenula biformis = Microthelia biformis Pyrenula canellae-albae = Sulcopyrenula canellae-albae Pyrenula carpinea = Segestria carpinea Pyrenula cartilaginea = Astrothelium cartilagineum Pyrenula catalepta = Verrucaria aethiobola Pyrenula catervaria = Trypethelium variolosum Pyrenula cerasi = Arthopyrenia cerasi Pyrenula ceratina = Astrothelium ceratinum Pyrenula chilensis = Parmentaria chilensis Pyrenula chlorotica = Pseudosagedia chlorotica Pyrenula cinchonae = Constrictolumina cinchonae Pyrenula circumrubens = Pyrenula cruenta Pyrenula clandestina = Clandestinotrema clandestinum Pyrenula clopima = Staurothele clopima Pyrenula coactella = Melanothecopsis coactella Pyrenula collospora = Bogoriella collospora Pyrenula diluta = Pseudopyrenula diluta Pyrenula discissa = Phaeotrema discissum Pyrenula discolor = Ampliotrema discolor Pyrenula elaeina = Verrucaria elaeina Pyrenula emergens = Pyrenula pinguis Pyrenula endococcoidea = Phaeospora rimosicola Pyrenula epidermidis = Leptorhaphis epidermidis Pyrenula fallaciosa = Arthopyrenia fallaciosa Pyrenula flaventior = Pyrenula mastophora Pyrenula fraxini = Naetrocymbe fraxini Pyrenula fuliginea = Thelignya lignyota Pyrenula funckii = Verrucaria funckii Pyrenula fusca = Pyrenula anomala Pyrenula gaudichaudii = Nigrovothelium tropicum Pyrenula gelatinosa = Agonimia gelatinosa Pyrenula gemmata = Acrocordia gemmata Pyrenula gemmifera = Tichothecium gemmiferum Pyrenula gibbosa = Rimularia gibbosa Pyrenula glabra = Swinscowia glabra Pyrenula glabratula = Pyrenula dermatodes Pyrenula guayaci = Parapyrenis guayaci Pyrenula harrisii = Pyrenula occidentalis Pyrenula henatomma = Ocellularia henatomma Pyrenula hyalospora = Lithothelium hyalosporum Pyrenula hydrela = Verrucaria hydrela Pyrenula infernalis = Megalotremis infernalis Pyrenula interjungens = Pseudosagedia interjungens Pyrenula kakouettae = Pyrenula acutispora Pyrenula kunthii = Pyrenula mamillana Pyrenula leucocephala = Lecanactis abietina Pyrenula leucoplaca = Eopyrenula leucoplaca Pyrenula libricola = Pyrenula leucostoma Pyrenula lignyota = Thelignya lignyota Pyrenula lithina = Staurothele fissa Pyrenula marcida = Astrothelium marcidum Pyrenula margacea = Verrucaria margacea Pyrenula marginata = Pyrenula mamillana Pyrenula martinicana = Pyrenula caraibica Pyrenula mastoidea = Clathroporina mastoidea Pyrenula megalospora = Acrocordia megalospora Pyrenula melanospora = Mycomicrothelia melanospora Pyrenula micromma = Pyrenula occulta Pyrenula microscopica = Mycoporopsis microscopica Pyrenula microthelia = Roselliniella microthelia Pyrenula neoculata = Anthracothecium oculatum Pyrenula nigrescens = Verrucaria nigrescens Pyrenula nitens = Architrypethelium nitens Pyrenula nitidella f. chlorospila = Pyrenula chlorospila Pyrenula obovata = Bogoriella obovata Pyrenula ocellata = Polymeridium ocellatum Pyrenula ochraceoflavens = Pyrenula ochraceoflava Pyrenula olivacea = Pseudosagedia borreri Pyrenula olivacea = Arthopyrenia analepta Pyrenula oxyspora = Leptorhaphis epidermidis Pyrenula oxyspora = Pyrenula oxysporiza Pyrenula papularis = Thelidium papulare Pyrenula perpusilla = Endococcus rugulosus Pyrenula pertusarioidea = Polyblastiopsis pertusarioidea Pyrenula planorbis = Constrictolumina planorbis Pyrenula punctiformis = Naetrocymbe punctiformis Pyrenula pupula = Astrothelium pupula Pyrenula pygmaea = Muellerella pygmaea Pyrenula quercus = Cyrtidula quercus Pyrenula quinqueseptata = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum Pyrenula quinqueseptata = Pyrenula sexluminata Pyrenula rhyponta = Naetrocymbe rhyponta Pyrenula salicis = Arthopyrenia salicis Pyrenula sphaeroides = Zignoella sphaeroides Pyrenula staurospora = Sulcopyrenula staurospora Pyrenula subandamanica = Parmentaria andamanensis Pyrenula subfarinosa = Phaeotrema subfarinosum Pyrenula submersa = Verrucaria hydrela Pyrenula subprostans = Anisomeridium subprostans Pyrenula subsimplex = Melanotheca vainioensis Pyrenula tetracerae = Porina tetracerae Pyrenula thelena = Bogoriella thelena Pyrenula tremulae = Leptorhaphis tremulae Pyrenula tropica = Nigrovothelium tropicum Pyrenula uberina = Architrypethelium uberinum Pyrenula umbonata = Pyrenocarpon thelostomum Pyrenula umbrata = Thelotrema umbratum Pyrenula variolosa = Anthracothecium variolosum Pyrenula ventosicola = Muellerella ventosicola Pyrenula vermicellifera = Opegrapha vermicellifera Pyrenula verrucosa = Polyblastia verrucosa Pyrenula wallrothii = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii Pyrenula zwackhii = Thelidium zwackhii

Notes

References