Töre (, ) was a Kazakh dynasty and later a clanГенеалогия казахстанских чингизидов (Тука-Тимуридов и Шибанидов) в контексте данных популяционной генетики, p. 121—125 that is presumably the descendants of Genghis Khan. The dynasty constituted the upper class of the aristocratic elite that ruled in the Kazakh Khanate. They were also called "Aqsüiek" and "Sūltan töre".Актуальные проблемы казахстанского монголоведения, p. 36 Only Töre were eligible to claim the Kazakh Khan title. The first Kazakh Khans from the Töre dynasty were Kerei Khan and Janibek Khan.
The qūn (), also known as the legal punishment for a crime, for killing a Töre was seven times higher than for a commoner.«ЖЕТІ ЖАРҒЫ» ЖӘНЕ ЖАЛҒАСЫН ТАПҚАН ҚАҒИДАЛАР
Estate Most of the Töre are descendants of Tuqa-Timur, a smaller part are Shaybanids.
Töre ruled the Kazakh Khanate throughout its history and, by the right of the descendants of Genghis Khan, had a number of privileges: the title of sultan (a khan was elected from among the sultans), possession of a feudal inheritance. Töre are also not part of any of the zhuzes.
Genetics Most Kazakh Tore people (36%) belong to the haplogroup C2; 25% belong to R2a; 18% belong to R1a1a*; 7% to J1*; 4% to C2b1a2, G1, O2a2b1, Q*, and O2a2b1.
According to a study using molecular genealogy, Y-chromosome haplotypes from the Lu clan in northwestern China, who controversially claim to be descendants of Genghis Khan’s sixth son, Toghan, is mostly hypothesized belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b1a1b1-F1756. This haplogroup is widely distributed among Altaic-speaking populations and is closely related to the Tore clan from Kazakhstan, who claim descent from Genghis Khan’s first son, Jochi. The most recent common ancestor of the haplotype cluster, which includes the Lu and Tore clans, lived about 1000 years ago. Members of the Huo and Tuo clans, who, according to oral tradition, were close male relatives of the Lu clan, do not share common Y-chromosome lines with the Lu clan. Therefore, the haplogroup C2b1a1b1-F1756 may be another possible candidate for the true Y-chromosome lineage of Genghis Khan, but without direct evidence from Genghis Khan, this remains a hypothesis.Shao-Qing Wen, Hong-Bing Yao, Pan-Xin Du, Lan-Hai Wei, Xin-Zhu Tong, Ling-Xiang Wang, Chuan-Chao Wang, Bo-Yan Zhou, Mei-Sen Shi, Maxat Zhabagin, Jiucun Wang, Dan Xu, Li Jin, Hui Li. Molecular genealogy of Tusi Lu’s family reveals their paternal relationship with Jochi, Genghis Khan’s eldest son // Journal of Human Genetics 64 (8), 815—820, 2019
A 2018 study that used whole-Y-chromosome sequencing questioned the idea that the C2*-Star Cluster was the male line of Genghis Khan and analysed 18,210 individuals from 292 populations belonging to the C2*-Star Cluster (C2b1a3a1-F3796) and discovered the origin of the populations with high frequency of C2*-Star Cluster have a recent common ancestor about 2,576 years ago (95% confidence interval: 1,975–3,178 years). This is much earlier than the time of Genghis Khan. And was consistent with the spread and Migration of Mongolic-speaking people rather than with Genghis Khan or his male relatives. The authors therefore noted that the C2*-Star Cluster is a one of the founder paternal lineages of Mongolic speaking populations, but there is no proof that the C2*-Star Cluster is linked to Genghis Khan, and noted it is still not clear what Y-chromosome group Genghis Khan belonged, and called for testing of more well documented male-line descendants.
Family Tree
1. Temüjin (Chinggis Khan) 1. Jöchi 2. Tuka-Timur 3. Urang-Timur (Urungtash) 4. Achik 5. Bakubuka (Baktuk) 6. Timur-Khodja 7. Badik (Badik, Badak) 8. Uros-khan — Khan of the Golden Horde (1372—1374, 1375) 9. Toktakiya — Khan of the White Horde (1376—1377) 10. Bolat 11. Ahmet Kerey — First Kazakh Khan (1465—1474), one of the founders of the Kazakh Khanate 12. Burunduk-khan — Kazakh Khan (1474/1480—1511) 13. Shaykhim 13. Sanjar-Bakhti 13. Dzahan-Bakhti 13. Kemsin Sultan 9. Koyrichak 10. Barak-khan — Khan of the Golden Horde (1423—1426, 1427—1428) 11. Abu Said Zhanibek — Kazakh Khan (1474—1480), one of the founders of the Kazakh Khanate 12. Irenji-Sultan — Ruler of Sauran in the 1470s 12. Mahmud Sultan — Ruler of Sazak (?-1476) 12. Muhammad Kasym-khan — Kazakh Khan (1511—1521) 13. Mamash-khan — Kazakh Khan (1521—1523) 13. Khak-Nazar Haydar khan — Kazakh Khan (1538—1580) 14. Dinmukhammed (Tynym) — Ruler of Tashkent (1600—1603) 14. Mangutay Sultan 14. Bozgyl Sultan 14. Ahmed Giray 13. Abulkhair-sultan 13. Zhalym-sultan 14. Tursun Muhammad-khan — Khan of the Senior Zhuz (1613—1627) 15. Shah Said-khan 15. Baki Sultan 15. Mukhamediyar 12. Adik-sultan 13. TahirAli Abdullah khan — Kazakh Khan (1523—1533) 14. Sulamish Khanzade 13. Buydash-khan — Kazakh Khan in Semirechye during the civil war in the Kazakh Khanate (1533—1538) 13. Baush — Kazakh Khan in Semirechye during the civil war (1533—1537) 13. Kozhash 13. Abulkasim 12. Janish-sultan 13. Ahmed Sultan 12. Tanish Sultan 12. Uzek 13. Bolat — died in 1519 during Khan Kasym's campaign against the Nogays 13. Bolekey 14. Batyr 15. Aishuak 16. Irish 17. Kazhi-sultan 18. Tokhtamish 19. Shemay 19. Mamai (Sary Aygyr) 19. Kylishkara 18. Bulkayir 19. Dussaly-sultan — cousin of the ruler of the Junior Zhuz Nuraly-khan, leader of the Kazakh tribes near the rivers Khobda and Ilek. During the Pugachev uprising. 18. Abulkhair-khan (Junior Zhuz) — Khan of the Junior Zhuz (1718—1748) 19. Nuraly — Khan of the Khiva Khanate (1741—1742), Khan of the Junior Zhuz from the Russian Empire (1748—1786) 20. Orman 21. Kusepghali — Kazakh Sultan of the Junior Zhuz. 20. Esim-khan (Junior Zhuz) — Khan of the Junior Zhuz from the Russian Empire (1796—1797) 20. Bukey — Khan of the Bukey Horde (1812—1815) 21. Tauke 22. Nurmukhammed 23. Gabdulkhakim Nurmukhamedovich Bukeykhanov — Kazakh statesman and public figure, descendant of Khan Bukey. 23. Makhambet Nurmukhameduly Bokeykhanov (1890—1937) — kuyshi-composer. 21. Adil Bukeyev — Chairman of the Council on the Governance of Bukey Horde (1845—1854) 22. Myrzageriy 23. Nausha Myrzagerievich Bokeykhanov (1870—1944) — Kazakh dombrist, kuyshi. 21. Zhanjir-Kerey-khan — Khan of the Bukey Horde (1815/1823—1845) 22. Sultan Akhmet-Kerey Dzhangerovich Bukeyev (1834—1914) 22. Ibrahim Dzhangerovich Bukeyev (1833—1865) 22. Sahib-Kerey — Last Khan of the Bukey Horde (1845—1849) 22. Gubaydulla Chingiskhan (1840—1909) — Military commander, General of Cavalry 21. Mendikeray Bokeykhanov (1808—1868) 20. Shigay-khan (Junior Zhuz) — Regent of the Bukey Horde (1815—1823) 21. Dauletkeray (1820—1887) — Composer-kuishi. 20. Karatay-khan — Khan of the Junior Zhuz (1806—1816) 21. Bisali Karataev 22. ? 23. Davletjan Karataev 24. Bakhytjan Karataev 21. Meraly 22. Mukhit Meralyuly 23. Shon (Muhammedjan) 24. Lukpan Mukhitov 19. Eraly-khan — Khan of the Junior Zhuz from the Russian Empire (1791—1794) 20. Bolekey — Khan of the Khiva Khanate (1770) 19. Aishuak-khan — Khan of the Junior Zhuz from the Russian Empire (1797—1805) 20. Sygalyi (Syugaly) Sultan 21. Asfendiary Sultan 22. Seidzhapar (Graduates of the Military-Medical Academy). 23. Sandjar Dzhafarovich Asfendiarov — Military doctor, statesman (People's Commissar of Health, People's Commissar of Agriculture of the Turkestan ASSR, People's Commissar of Health of the Kazakh SSR), academician; Professor. 20. Zhantore-khan — Khan of the Junior Zhuz from the Russian Empire (1805—1809) 20. Arystan Zanturin — Kazakh Sultan of the Junior Zhuz. 20. Shergazy-khan — Last Khan of the Junior Zhuz from the Russian Empire (1812—1824) 20. Baymukhamed — Ruler of the Zhetyru Clan (1815 —?) 21. Baymukhametov, Mukhambetjan — Senior Sultan of the Middle part of the Junior Zhuz (1855—1869) 12. Zhadik-sultan 13. Tugum-khan — Kazakh Khan during the civil war (1533—1537) 13. Shigay-khan (Kazakh Khanate) — Kazakh Khan (1580—1582) 14. Seidkul 15. Kudainazar 14. Ali Sultan (Zhanali?) 14. Sulum Sultan 14. Ibrahim Sultan 14. Shah-Muhammad Sultan 14. Abu Said Sultan 14. Ondan 15. Uraz-Muhammad — Khan of the Kasimov Khanate (1600—1610)
Genealogy of House of Urus
Mongol Empire Golden Horde Blue Horde (Debatable) Qasim Khanate Kazakh Khanate Senior Zhuz Middle Zhuz Junior Zhuz Khiva Khanate Bukay Horde Alash Autonomy
References
Востров В. В., Муканов М. С. «Родоплеменной состав и расселение казахов (конец XIX — начало XX вв.)». — Алма-Ата: Издательство «Наука» Казахской ССР, 1968. — 256 с.