1 Samuel 29

1 Samuel 29 is the twenty-ninth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. Jewish tradition attributes the book to the prophet Samuel, with later additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan; modern scholarship, however, regards it as a compilation of independent texts dated to . This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.

Text This chapter was originally written in the Biblical Hebrew. It is divided into 11 verses.

Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Biblical Hebrew are of the Masoretic Textual tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam; ) with extant verse 1.

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).

Places

Aphek Jezreel Ziklag

The Philistines reject David (29:1–5) The Philistines mustered their forces at Aphek (), ready to face Saul in the Jezreel (), when their commanders noticed the presence of "Hebrews" () in their ranks—easily distinguished by their clothing. Probably remembering how the Hebrews had defected at Michmas (; 1 Samuel 13–14), the Philistines were adamant not to allow David and his people to join their army, evenmore as they still recalled the victory song which ascribed to David for the death of "tens of thousands" of Philistines.

Verse 1 Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which is in Jezreel. "Aphek": a common place name using a Hebrew word meaning "fortress". There is one in Judah (1 Samuel 4:1)—here identified with what is now the village of Fuku'a ()—near Mount Gilboa, and within the territory of the tribe of Issachar.Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Samuel 29". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. "A fountain which is in Jezreel": identified with what is now known as () in Modern Hebrew and (). It is large spring which flows from under the cavern in the rock at the base of Gilboa.Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Samuel 13. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.

Achish sends David back to Ziklag (29:6–11) Pressured by other Philistine leaders, Achish was compelled to send David back to Ziklag. However, he had never personally doubted David's loyalty; he even found David faultless, honest, blameless, "as an angel of God" (verses 3, 6–7, 9–10). David declared his innocence to Achish and obeyed the command to return home, thereby sparing himself from participating in the deaths of Saul and Jonathan.

Verse 10 "Now, therefore, rise early in the morning with your master's servants who have come with you. And as soon as you are up early in the morning and have light, depart." After "come with you", the Septuagint has "and go to the place which I have selected for you there; and set no bothersome word in your heart, for you are good before me. And rise on your way", which is not present in the Masoretic Text, Targum Jonathan, or Christian Latin Vulgate versions.Note on 1 Samuel 29:10 in NKJV "Your master's servants who have come with you": according to Christian theologian Albert Barnes, this may refer to the considerable number of Manassites who, as reported in 1 Chronicles 12:19–21, elected to follow David and went back with him to Ziklag.Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - 1 Samuel 29. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.

1 Samuel 29

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