General elections were held in Luxembourg on 8 October 2023 to elect all 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies.

The incumbent Bettel II Government was a coalition of the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens.

Electoral system The 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in four multi-member constituencies; nine in North constituency, seven in East, 23 in South and 21 in Centre. Voters can vote for a party list or cast multiple votes for as many candidates as there are seats. Seat allocation is calculated in accordance with the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota.Electoral system IPU

Only Luxembourgish citizens may vote in general elections. A proposal to extend voting rights to foreigners who have lived in Luxembourg for at least ten years and have previously voted in a European or local election in Luxembourg, was rejected in a 2015 referendum. Voting is mandatory for eligible Luxembourg citizens who live in Luxembourg and are under 75 years of age. Luxembourg citizens who live abroad may vote by post at the commune in which they most recently lived in Luxembourg. Luxembourg citizens who were born in Luxembourg but have never lived there may vote by post at the commune in which they were born. Luxembourg citizens who were not born in Luxembourg and have never lived there may vote by post at the commune of Luxembourg City.

Contesting parties Listno. Name Abbr. Leadcandidate Ideology Politicalposition Last election Notes % Seats 1 Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party LSAP Paulette Lenert Social democracy Centre-left 17.60 2 Democratic Party DP Xavier Bettel Liberalism Centre to centre-right 16.91 3 The Greens DG Sam Tanson Green politics Centre-left 15.12 4 Christian Social People's Party CSV Luc Frieden 28.31 5 The Left DL David Wagner Left-wing 5.48 6 Alternative Democratic Reform Party ADR Fred Keup 8.28 7 Pirate Party Luxembourg PPLU Sven Clement Pirate politics 6.45 9List 8 was assigned to Mir d'Vollék, which contested the 2023 communal elections but not the general election.Focus FOKFrank Engel PragmatismCentre New 10Volt Luxembourg VOLT None European federalism Centre to centre-left New 11Communist Party of Luxembourg KPL Ali Ruckert Communism Far-left 1.27 12 LF Roy RedingRight-wing populism New 13The Conservatives DK Joe Thein Conservatism 0.27

Opinion polls

Voting intention Fieldwork datePolling firmCSVLSAPDPDGADRPPLUDLKPLDem.DKVoltFokus 8 Oct 2023 Election 29.22% 18.92% 18.70% 8.55% 9.27% 6.74% 3.93% 0.64% – 0.23% 0.19% 2.49% 7–16 Aug 2023 ILRES 28.3% 19.8% 17.4% 10.7% 6.9% 9.9% 5% 0.4% – 0.1% 0.3% 1.1% 11 Jun 2023 Municipal elections 26.06% 21.30% 20.64% 12.69% 3.22% 3.98% 3.22% 0.40% – 0.18% – 0.84% 23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023 TNS 27.1% 17.9% 17.1% 12.8% 7.5% 10.0% 4.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 2.0% 14−28 Nov 2022 TNS 23.3% 20.7% 18.4% 12.1% 7.7% 9.6% 5.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 1.5% 24 May − 7 Jun 2022 TNS 23.0% 18.0% 18.1% 13.7% 7.6% 9.7% 5.6% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.5% 2.9% 11−19 Nov 2021 TNS 21.6% 20.2% 16.2% 12.4% 11.3% 11.1% 5.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% – 9−21 Jun 2021 TNS 24.6% 17.8% 19.3% 13.4% 7.6% 8.0% 7.0% 1.0% 0.6% 0.2% 0.5% – 10–24 Nov 2020 TNS 25.7% 19.8% 19.9% 11.5% 9.6% 5.9% 5.8% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% – 4–24 Jun 2020 TNS 27.5% 16.4% 20.6% 13.4% 8.2% 4.8% 7.3% 1.1% 0.3% 0.2% – – 14–23 Nov 2019 TNS 30.1% 15.0% 16.6% 15.9% 10.4% 5.4% 5.5% 0.8% 0.1% 0.2% – – 14 Oct 2018 Election 28.31% 17.60% 16.91% 15.12% 8.28% 6.45% 5.48% 1.27% 0.29% 0.27% – –

Seat projections

Fieldwork datePolling firmCSVDPLSAPDGADRPPLUDL 8 Oct 2023 Election 21 14 11 4 5 3 2 7–16 Aug 2023 ILRES 19 11 13 7 3 5 2 23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023 TNS 17 11 12 8 4 6 2 14−28 Nov 2022 TNS 15 12 13 8 4 6 2 24 May − 7 Jun 2022 TNS 16 12 12 8 4 6 2 11−19 Nov 2021 TNS 15 9 12 8 7 7 2 9−21 Jun 2021 TNS 17 13 11 8 4 4 3 10–24 Nov 2020 TNS 17 14 12 8 5 2 2 4–24 Jun 2020 TNS 19 15 10 8 4 1 3 14–23 Dec 2019 TNS 20 11 9 10 6 2 2 14 Oct 2018 Election 21 12 10 9 4 2 2

Results

Votes by constituency ConstituencyCSVLSAPDPADRGréngPPLLénkFokusKPLDKVoltCentre 376,078 29.9 148,051 11.8 317,200 25.3 82,230 6.5 144,833 11.5 81,668 6.5 49,481 3.9 34,333 2.7 16,535 1.3 5,664 0.5 – – – –East 69,210 30.6 39,061 17.3 51,816 22.9 21,407 9.5 17,277 7.6 11,072 4.9 5,686 2.5 5,685 2.5 3,449 1.5 896 0.4 – – 553 0.2North 124,864 33.1 57,693 15.3 66,224 17.5 45,430 12.0 25,193 6.7 29,110 7.7 9,758 2.6 11,855 3.1 5,925 1.6 – – 1,370 0.4 – –South 529,275 27.8 467,085 24.5 268,593 14.1 199,923 10.5 134,592 7.1 131,704 6.9 82,914 4.4 41,966 2.2 16,734 0.9 17,715 0.9 7,124 0.4 6,448 0.3

Seats by constituency ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonCSVLSAPDPADRGréngPPLLénkCentre 21 7 3 6 1 2 1 1East 7 3 1 2 1 North 9 4 1 2 1 1 South 23 7 6 4 2 2 1 1

Government formation On 9 October 2023 Grand Duke Henri appointed Luc Frieden as government formateur with the intention that Frieden would become the next Prime Minister. The CSV leader began negotiations with outgoing Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and his DP. Bettel expressed his willingness to participate in government, though not as Prime Minister.

On 13 November Frieden announced a coalition agreement between the CSV and DP. Bettel led the DP's delegation to coalition negotiations, while the CSV delegation was led by party president Claude Wiseler. Frieden stated that he expected to take office by the end of the week following the announcement. The new cabinet was sworn in by the Grand Duke and Frieden assumed the office of Prime Minister on 17 November. The LSAP sat in opposition for the first time since the 1999 election.

Notes

References