The following events occurred in October 1933:
October 1, 1933 (Sunday) Thirty-three people were killed in the capsizing of the Japanese sightseeing boat Koun Maru off of the coast of the Kumamoto Prefecture."Steamer Capsizes", Pittsburgh Press, October 2, 1933, p1 At the recommendation of the Nazi government, all patriotic Germans were expected to set aside the first Sunday of each month as an Eintopfsonntag (literally, a "one-pot Sunday"), with families to have a simple meal rather than a more expensive Sunday meal, and to contribute the difference to the Winterhilfswerk fund.Irene Guenther, Nazi 'Chic'?: Fashioning Women in the Third Reich (Berg, 2004) p233 Died: Te Rata Mahuta, 56, King of the Māori people in New Zealand since 1912Angela Ballara, Te Kingitanga: The People of the Māori King Movement (Auckland University Press, 1996) p108
October 2, 1933 (Monday) The Eugene O'Neill play Ah, Wilderness! was performed for the first time. O'Neill's only comedy, the play has "proved to be enduring and revivable especially in university and community theaters".Don B. Wilmeth, The Cambridge Guide to American Theatre (Cambridge University Press, 2007) p56 Born: John Bertrand Gurdon; British biologist, in Dippenhall, Hampshire
October 3, 1933 (Tuesday) A failed assassination attempt against Engelbert Dollfuss seriously injured him."Dollfuss Is Shot But Will Live; Assassin Held", Oakland Tribune, October 3, 1933, p1 A fire in Griffith Park in Los Angeles trapped more than 50 people employed by a Los Angeles County relief project."Fifty Trapped, Die in Flames", Pittsburgh Press, October 4, 1933, p1 Cuban President Ramón Grau narrowly escaped assassination."President of Cuba Escapes Assassins", Pittsburgh Press, October 3, 1933, p1 Died: Abdolhossein Teymourtash, 50, recently jailed Court Minister of Iran, died from a lethal injection while imprisoned. Young Stribling, 30, American heavyweight boxer, died two days after being fatally injured in an auto accident.
October 4, 1933 (Wednesday) The Schriftleitergesetz (Editorial Control Law) took effect in Germany, placing the press under the control of the government. All newspaper and magazine editors had to be members of the new "Reich League of the German Press", which banned non-Aryans as well as people married to non-Aryans.Jeffrey Herf, The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda During World War II And the Holocaust (Harvard University Press, 2006) p18
October 5, 1933 (Thursday) A group of 1,000 delegates to the annual British Labour Party congress in Hastings opened their session with a moment of silence in memory of fellow workers in Germany who had lost their lives to Nazi oppression. The conference then unanimously passed two resolutions, one condemning Fascism and the other pledging to boycott goods manufactured in Germany as well as calling upon the League of Nations to protect Jews and other racial minorities in Germany. Born: Billy Lee Riley, American country musician; in Pocahontas, Arkansas (d. 2009) Died: Nikolai Yudenich, 71, former Russian general who led the Menshevik "White Army" against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War Renée Adorée (Jeanne de la Fonte), 35, French film actress, died of tuberculosis Harry G. Cooper, 69, a/k/a "Railroad Jack", college graduate turned hobo."'Railroad Jack,' High Brow Hobo, Reaches Trail's End" Pittsburgh Press, October 7, 1933, p1
October 6, 1933 (Friday) UK Lord President of the Council Stanley Baldwin made a key speech on the subject of disarmament to a meeting of the Conservative Party in Birmingham. Baldwin spoke of the need for a disarmament convention, explaining, "I mean a limitation of armaments, a real limitation, such a one that if we, by the many gestures we have made of disarmament, find ourselves on some lower rating than the figures in such a convention, and some other country has higher figures, that country has to come down and we go up until we meet. No other form of convention would be negotiated by the Government; no other form of convention is in contemplation ... I would only add this: If that convention be signed, the nation that breaks it will have no friend in this civilised world." The Prussian Ministry of Justice issued a memorandum advocating euthanasia for persons afflicted with incurable diseases, under three conditions: the afflicted person demand that his misery be ended, two official doctors must certify that the person have an incurable ailment, and that a qualified physician administer the fatal drug. The musical romantic comedy film I'm No Angel starring Mae West was released. Died: Wallace Rider Farrington, 62, Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1921 to 1929
October 7, 1933 (Saturday) Air France was formed by the merger of five French airline companies – Air Orient, Air Union, Compagnie Générale Aéropostale, Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne (CIDNA) and Société Générale des Transports Aériens (SGTA) – beginning operations with 250 planes. The New York Giants won the 1933 World Series. Victory came in the fifth game, which went into extra innings before the Giants beat the Washington Senators, 4-3"OTT's Homer Wins World Series For Giants", Pittsburgh Press, October 8, 1933, pS-1
October 8, 1933 (Sunday) Diego Martínez Barrio became the new Prime Minister of Spain after being appointed by President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora."Spanish President Dissolves Cortes", Pittsburgh Press, October 9, 1933, p23 Korokī Mahuta was crowned as the fifth King of the Māori people in New Zealand, seven days after the death of his father, Te Rata Mahuta. He would be recognized by the New Zealand government as the chief spokesman for the nation's Māori population until his death on May 23, 1966."Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero", by Angela Ballara, Dictionary of New Zealand Biography online Born: James A. Corbett, American human rights activist and co-founder of the Sanctuary Movement in 1980; in Casper, Wyoming (d. 2001)
October 9, 1933 (Monday) Spanish President Zamora dissolved the Cortes Generales and called new elections for November 19. Born: Peter Mansfield, British physicist, and 2003 recipient of the Nobel Prize for his development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); in Lambeth, County of London (d. 2017) Joan Berger, American female professional baseball player and AAGPBL Rookie of the Year in 1952; in Passaic, New Jersey (d. 2021) Died: Gus Winkler, 32, American gangster for Al Capone and Frank Nitti, was shot to death on Nitti's orders after being seen visiting an FBI office "Taking Care Of Winkler: The Last of the Independents", by John William Tuohy, AmericanMafia.com
October 10, 1933 (Tuesday) All four passengers and three crew were killed by the bombing of a United Airlines Boeing 247 in the first proven case of air sabotage in commercial airline history."Seven Killed as Air Liner Explodes, Falls in Flames"", Pittsburgh Press, October 11, 1933, p1 The plane was flying from Cleveland to Chicago and was at 1,000 feet altitude in a rainstorm when it exploded in flames near Chesterton, Indiana. Investigators would conclude that the blast had been caused by a timer and nitroglycerine that had been hidden in a package put on the plane during an earlier stop at Newark, New Jersey"Crash of Air Liner Is Laid to Bomb", Pittsburgh Press, October 14, 1933, p1 and the perpetrator would never be identified."Aeronautical Mass Murder", in Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime, Eric Hickey, ed. (SAGE, 2003), p1 The "Anti-war Treaty of Non-aggression and Conciliation", commonly called the "Saavedra Lamas Pact" because it was written by Argentina's foreign minister, Carlos Saavedra Lamas, was signed in Rio de Janeiro by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay. Eventually it would be signed by eleven European nations as well.Edmund Jan Osmańczyk and Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: A to F (Taylor & Francis, 2003) p1980-1981 Born: Jay Sebring, American celebrity hairstylist; as Thomas John Kummer in Birmingham, Alabama (murdered by the Manson Family, 1969)
October 11, 1933 (Wednesday) The United States, United Kingdom and France agreed at Geneva that Germany's request for expansion of defensive armament should not be granted."Big Powers Forbid Germany to Re-Arm", Pittsburgh Press, October 11, 1933, p1 The "International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age" was signed in Geneva. It would enter into force on August 24, 1934 and be superseded by another convention on March 21, 1950.Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General, Volume 1 (United Nations Publications, 2005) p460
October 12, 1933 (Thursday) Three members of John Dillinger's gang— Harry Pierpont, Russell Clark and Charles Makley— invaded the city jail in Lima, Ohio and freed him, killing Sheriff Jesse Sarber in the process.William B. Breuer, J. Edgar Hoover and His G-Men (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995) p136G. Russell Girardin and William J. Helmer, Dillinger: The Untold Story (Indiana University Press, 2005)"Kill Sheriff, Take Robber from Ohio Jail", Chicago Daily Tribune, October 13, 1933, p1 U.S. Attorney General Homer Cummings announced that the Department of Justice would acquire the U.S. Army Disciplinary Barracks on California's Alcatraz Island, for the construction of the most secure federal penitentiary up to that time. Cummings told reporters, "Here may be isolated the criminals of the vicious and irredeemable type, so that their evil influence may not be extended to other prisoners who are disposed to rehabilitate themselves." Transfer took place the next day.David A. Ward and Gene G. Kassebaum, Alcatraz: The Gangster Years (University of California Press, 2009) p49 The first inmates would arrive at Alcatraz Island in 1934.
October 13, 1933 (Friday) Thirty workers were killed in the explosion of a fireworks factory at Visakhapatnam in India."Fireworks Factory Blast Fatal to 30", Pittsburgh Press, October 14, 1933, p1 President Roosevelt gave the FBI principal jurisdiction over the Lindbergh kidnapping case, 19 months after the March 1, 1932 disappearance of Charles Lindbergh Jr.Ronald Kessler, The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI (Macmillan, 2003) p30 The romantic comedy-drama film Bombshell starring Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy was released.
October 14, 1933 (Saturday) Germany announced that it would withdraw from the League of Nations, after the three Allied Powers of World War I (France, the U.K. and the U.S.) denied its request to increase its military."GERMANY QUITS LEAGUE OF NATIONS", Pittsburgh Press, October 14, 1933, p1; Leopold Schwarzschild, Chronicle of a Downfall: Germany 1929-1939 (I.B. Tauris, 2010) p114
October 15, 1933 (Sunday) Esquire, which billed itself as "the magazine for men", published its first issue, with 100,000 copies that sold out quickly, despite the high cover price of fifty cents.David E. Sumner, The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1900 (Peter Lang, 2010) p83 The cornerstone for the future Haus der Deutschen Kunst (literally the "House of German Art"), was laid in Munich by Adolf Hitler on a special "German Art Day". Hitler's aide Albert Speer would later recount that the building's architect Paul Troost, had designed a ceremonial silver hammer for the event, but that the hammer broke while Hitler was using it. Troost would die four months later, and Hitler would tell Speer, "When that hammer shattered I knew at once it was an evil omen. Something is going to happen, I thought. Now we know why the hammer broke. The architect was destined to die."Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (Simon and Schuster, 1970) p49 The Philadelphia Eagles played their first regular season NFL game, more than a month after the other teams had begun play, losing to the Giants at New York, 56-0. Died: Nitobe Inazō, 71, Japanese diplomat and Christian
October 16, 1933 (Monday)