In 1990, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia and the Supreme Soviets of 14 other republics of the Soviet Union.

Background The proposal to create a "two-story" system for the formation of the legislative branch (with a directly-elected Congress of People's Deputies and a Supreme Soviet elected by the Congress of People's Deputies) in the USSR and its constituent and autonomous republics was put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 19th Conference of the Communist Party in summer of 1988. On 1 December, the corresponding changes were made to the Constitution of the USSR.

Most of the republics except for Russia and its autonomous region of Dagestan ignored this requirement of the Union Constitution. Under the constitutional reform of 1989–90, they retained direct elections to their Supreme Soviets, but unlike the campaigns of preceding 50 years, republican branches of the CPSU now were facing significant opposition from the nationalist forces, represented in organizations such as Lithuania's Sąjūdis and numerous "Popular Fronts" (Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan).

List RepublicDateCommunist PartyResultOpposition PartiesResultIndependentsArmeniaCommunist Party of Armenia–AzerbaijanCIA World Factbook (1995)Azerbaijan Communist PartyAzerbaijani Popular FrontByelorussiaCommunist Party of ByelorussiaBelarusian Popular Front–EstoniaCommunist Party of EstoniaPopular Front of EstoniaJoint Soviet of Work CollectivesGeorgiaDieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p382 Communist Party of GeorgiaRound Table—Free GeorgiaPeople's FrontKazakhstanCommunist Party of Kazakhstan–KirghiziaCommunist Party of Kirghizia–LatviaCommunist Party of LatviaPopular Front of LatviaLithuaniaCommunist Party of Lithuania (CPSU)Lithuanian Social-Democratic PartyCommunist Party of Lithuania (independent)OthersEndorsed by SąjūdisMoldavia–MarchCommunist Party of MoldaviaPopular Front of MoldovaRussiaCPSU–Endorsed by Democratic RussiaTajikistanCommunist Party of Tajikistan–TurkmenistanCommunist Party of Turkmenistan–UkraineCommunist Party of UkraineDemocratic Bloc–UzbekistanCommunist Party of UzbekistanUnity

See also 1989 Soviet Union legislative election Demokratizatsiya

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