This is a breakdown of the results of the 2021 German federal election. The following tables display detailed results in each of the sixteen states and all 299 single-member constituencies.
Electoral system Germany uses the mixed-member proportional representation system, a system of proportional representation combined with elements of first-past-the-post voting. The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for a four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' number of eligible voters.
Every elector has two votes: a constituency vote (first vote) and a party list vote (second vote). Based solely on the first votes, 299 members are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting (Direktmandat). The second votes are used to produce a proportional number of seats for parties, first in the states, and then in the Bundestag. Seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method. If a party wins fewer constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, it receives additional seats from the relevant state list. Parties can file lists in every single state under certain conditions, such as a fixed number of supporting signatures. Parties can receive second votes only in those states in which they have filed a state list. If a party, by winning single-member constituencies in one state, receives more seats than it would be entitled to according to its second vote share in that state (so-called overhang seats), the other parties receive compensation seats. Owing to this provision, the Bundestag usually has more than 598 members; 735 seats were awarded in this election, up from 709 seats in 2017. The 19th Bundestag elected in 2017 had 709 seats: 598 regular seats and 111 overhang and compensation seats. Overhang seats are calculated at the state level, so many more seats are added to balance this out among the states, adding more seats than would be needed to compensate for overhang at the national level in order to avoid negative vote weight.
In order to qualify for seats based on the party-list vote share, a party must either win three single-member constituencies via first votes or exceed a threshold of 5% of the second votes nationwide. If a party only wins one or two single-member constituencies and fails to get at least 5% of the second votes, it keeps the single-member seat(s), but other parties that accomplish at least one of the two threshold conditions receive compensation seats. The most recent example of this was in 2002, when the PDS won only 4.0% of the second votes nationwide but won two constituencies in the state of Berlin. The same applies if an independent candidate wins a single-member constituency, which has not happened since 1949. If a voter cast a first vote for a successful independent candidate or a successful candidate whose party failed to qualify for proportional representation, his or her second vote does not count toward proportional representation; however, it counts toward whether the elected party exceeds the 5% threshold. Parties representing recognized national minorities (currently Danes, Frisians, Sorbs, and Romani people) are exempt from the 5% threshold.
Nationwide
Leaders' races Party Name Constituency Votes % Position Elected? SPD Olaf Scholz Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II 64,271 34.0 1st CDU/CSU Armin Laschet North Rhine-Westphalia party list 1st GRÜNE Annalena Baerbock Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II 35,452 18.8 2nd Robert Habeck Flensburg – Schleswig 50,231 28.1 1st FDP Christian Lindner Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 29,576 16.8 4th AfD Alice Weidel Bodensee 12,584 9.2 5th Tino Chrupalla Görlitz 53,970 35.8 1st LINKE Janine Wissler Frankfurt am Main I 12,562 8.8 5th Dietmar Bartsch Rostock – Landkreis Rostock II 29,715 18.2 2nd
By state Summary
Party list vote share by state State SPD Union Grüne FDP AfD Linke Others 28.0 22.0 18.3 12.5 6.8 3.6 8.7 29.1 17.4 7.8 8.2 18.0 11.1 8.4 29.7 15.4 24.9 11.4 5.0 6.7 6.9 33.1 24.2 16.1 10.5 7.4 3.3 5.4 31.5 17.2 20.9 9.3 6.9 7.7 6.4 29.5 15.3 9.0 9.3 18.1 8.5 10.3 25.4 21.0 6.5 9.5 19.6 9.6 8.4 22.2 17.2 22.0 8.1 9.4 11.5 9.4 29.1 26.0 16.1 11.4 7.3 3.7 6.5 19.3 17.2 8.6 11.0 24.6 9.3 9.9 27.6 22.8 15.8 12.8 8.8 4.3 7.9 23.4 16.9 6.6 9.0 24.0 11.4 8.7 29.4 24.7 12.6 11.7 9.2 3.3 9.2 18.0 31.7 14.1 10.5 9.0 2.8 13.9 21.6 24.8 17.2 15.3 9.6 3.3 8.2 37.3 23.6 – 11.5 10.0 7.2 10.5
Seats by state State Distribution Total 1 8 6 1 4 6 2 28 2 6 1 1 3 3 16 1 5 4 2 3 1 16 3 26 13 8 18 6 74 2 1 1 1 5 2 10 2 2 4 5 25 2 5 1 2 4 4 18 3 6 6 2 5 3 25 6 49 28 19 42 12 156 4 8 4 5 7 10 38 3 15 9 7 12 5 51 3 5 1 2 3 5 19 1 12 5 5 9 4 36 4 23 19 14 45 12 117 3 22 18 16 33 10 102 1 4 1 2 1 9 39 206 118 1 91 197 83 735
Schleswig-Holstein PartyConstituencyParty listTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats Social Democratic Party (SPD)530,30130.18494,05528.008+2 Christian Democratic Union (CDU)465,97526.52388,39922.046−4 Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)315,63317.91322,76318.356+3 Free Democratic Party (FDP)167,1919.50220,03912.544+1 Alternative for Germany (AfD)113,6416.50119,5666.8220 The Left (DIE LINKE)55,5233.2064,2383.611−1 South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW)35,0272.0055,5783.211+1 Grassroots Democratic Party27,1241.5023,4071.300New Human Environment Animal Protection Party–––20,6531.2000 Die PARTEI18,0901.0017,8701.0000 Free Voters26,5181.5017,0431.0000 Team Todenhöfer–––5,3050.300New Volt Germany1,4310.104,1570.200New National Democratic Party–––2,0340.1000 The Humanists–––1,7630.1000 V-Partei³5810.001,7630.1000 Ecological Democratic Party–––1,5390.1000 The Urbans. A HipHop Party7270.001,0290.1000 Liberal Conservative Reformers1,0510.107150.000New German Communist Party3260.005160.0000 Marxist–Leninist Party2650.003220.0000 Independents & voter groups6090.00–––0–Invalid/blank votes16,132––13,391––––Total1,776,145100111,776,1451001728+2Registered voters/turnout2,272,71778.2–2,272,71778.2–––Source: Federal Returning Officer
Constituency members # ConstituencyPrevious memberElected member Party Votes % MarginRunner-up 1 Flensburg – Schleswig Petra Nicolaisen Robert Habeck GRÜNE 50,231 28.1 8,510 Petra Nicolaisen 2 Nordfriesland – Dithmarschen Nord Astrid Damerow Astrid Damerow CDU 43,745 30.4 3,719 Jens Peter Jensen 3 Steinburg – Dithmarschen Süd Mark Helfrich Mark Helfrich CDU 39,431 29.2 52 Karin Thissen 4 Rendsburg-Eckernförde Johann Wadephul Sönke Rix SPD 49,474 30.8 1,786 Johann Wadephul 5 Kiel Mathias Stein Mathias Stein SPD 45,709 29.5 2,177 Luise Amtsberg 6 Plön – Neumünster Melanie Bernstein Kristian Klinck SPD 41,497 31.4 4,627 Melanie Bernstein 7 Pinneberg Michael von Abercron Ralf Stegner SPD 59,298 31.2 9,588 Michael von Abercron 8 Segeberg – Stormarn-Mitte Gero Storjohann Bengt Bergt SPD 63,369 32.0 8,104 Gero Storjohann 9 Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord Ingo Gädechens Bettina Hagedorn SPD 47,714 33.7 4,723 Ingo Gädechens 10 Herzogtum Lauenburg – Stormarn-Süd Norbert Brackmann Nina Scheer SPD 60,593 31.0 8,721 Thomas Peters 11 Lübeck Claudia Schmidtke Tim Klüssendorf SPD 44,315 34.1 16,049 Claudia Schmidtke
List members GRÜNE CDU FDP Luise Amtsberg (1) Ingrid Nestle (3) Konstantin von Notz (4) Denise Loop (5) Bruno Hönel (6) Johann Wadephul (1) Ingo Gädechens (3) Petra Nicolaisen (4) Gero Storjohann (5) Wolfgang Kubicki (1) Gyde Jensen (2) Christine Aschenberg-Dugnus (3) Maximilian Mordhorst (4) AfD LINKE SSW Uwe Witt (1) Gereon Bollmann (2) Cornelia Möhring (1) Stefan Seidler (1)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern PartyConstituencyParty listTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats Social Democratic Party (SPD)261,40828.56267,36829.106+4 Alternative for Germany (AfD)169,97718.50165,34218.0330 Christian Democratic Union (CDU)180,66919.70160,10317.433−3 The Left (DIE LINKE)116,03312.60101,73511.122−1 Free Democratic Party (FDP)66,3287.2075,5558.2110 Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)62,6646.8071,9567.8110 Human Environment Animal Protection Party14,3241.6020,5822.2000 Grassroots Democratic Party16,0191.7016,3361.800New Free Voters17,7811.9013,3441.5000 Die PARTEI3,6920.407,9000.9000 National Democratic Party–––6,4000.7000 Pirate Party Germany3,8120.404,2590.5000 Team Todenhöfer–––2,1460.200New Volt Germany–––1,9040.200New The Humanists–––1,2770.1000 Ecological Democratic Party–––1,1890.1000 German Communist Party–––7540.1000 Marxist–Leninist Party1,2700.107090.1000 Independents for Citizen-oriented Democracy1,0190.10–––0New Independents & voter groups3,0900.30–––0–Invalid/blank votes16,954––16,181––––Total935,0401006935,04010010160Registered voters/turnout1,314,43571.1–1,314,43571.1–––Source: Federal Returning Officer
Constituency members # ConstituencyPrevious memberElected member Party Votes % MarginRunner-up 12 Schwerin – Ludwigslust-Parchim I – Nordwestmecklenburg I Dietrich Monstadt Reem Alabali-Radovan SPD 45,189 29.4 13,435 Dietrich Monstadt 13 Ludwigslust-Parchim II – Nordwestmecklenburg II – Landkreis Rostock I Karin Strenz Frank Junge SPD 50,736 35.2 24,528 Simone Borchardt 14 Rostock – Landkreis Rostock II Peter Stein Katrin Zschau SPD 43,932 27.0 14,217 Dietmar Bartsch 15 Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I Angela Merkel Anna Kassautzki SPD 40,429 24.3 6,526 Georg Günther 16 Mecklenburgische Seenplatte I – Vorpommern-Greifswald II Philipp Amthor Erik von Malottki SPD 37,392 24.8 796 Enrico Komning 17 Mecklenburgische Seenplatte II – Landkreis Rostock III Eckhardt Rehberg Johannes Arlt SPD 43,730 31.1 13,410 Ulrike Schielke-Ziesing
List members AfD CDU LINKE Leif-Erik Holm (1) Enrico Komning (2) Ulrike Schielke-Ziesing (3) Philipp Amthor (1) Dietrich Monstadt (2) Simone Borchardt (3) Dietmar Bartsch (1) Ina Latendorf (2) FDP GRÜNE Hagen Reinhold (1) Claudia Müller (1)
Hamburg PartyConstituencyParty listTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats Social Democratic Party (SPD)334,83133.44298,34229.7150 Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)237,32823.72250,53224.924+2 Christian Democratic Union (CDU)179,57217.90155,22015.433−1 Free Democratic Party (FDP)84,6038.40114,60211.4220 The Left (DIE LINKE)72,5077.2067,5786.711−1 Alternative for Germany (AfD)49,8285.0050,5375.0110 Grassroots Democratic Party17,2591.7013,9611.400New Human Environment Animal Protection Party–––12,3251.2000 Die PARTEI6,5850.7010,1471.0000 Team Todenhöfer–––8,9520.900New Free Voters6,7430.705,6010.6000 Volt Germany4,4760.405,4290.500New Pirate Party Germany3,4190.304,3770.4000 Ecological Democratic Party3,6660.402,0160.2000 The Urbans. A HipHop Party–––1,3410.1000 V-Partei³–––1,2190.1000 The Humanists–––1,2030.1000 National Democratic Party6430.106480.1000 German Communist Party–––5320.1000 The Pinks/Alliance 21–––3860.000New Marxist–Leninist Party9620.103480.0000 Liberal Conservative Reformers1790.002480.000New Independents & voter groups7230.10–––0–Invalid/blank votes7,720––5,500––––Total1,011,04410061,011,04410010160Registered voters/turnout1,298,79277.8–1,298,79277.8–––Source: Federal Returning Officer
Constituency members # ConstituencyPrevious memberElected member Party Votes % MarginRunner-up 18 Hamburg-Mitte Johannes Kahrs Falko Droßmann SPD 59,229 33.2 12,903 Manuel Muja 19 Hamburg-Altona Matthias Bartke Linda Heitmann GRÜNE 45,063 29.7 1,636 Matthias Bartke 20 Hamburg-Eimsbüttel Niels Annen Till Steffen GRÜNE 47,734 29.8 359 Niels Annen 21 Hamburg-Nord Christoph Ploß Dorothee Martin SPD 56,594 30.7 9,219 Katharina Beck 22 Hamburg-Wandsbek Aydan Özoğuz Aydan Özoğuz SPD 66,616 38.7 33,531 Franziska Hoppermann 23 Hamburg-Bergedorf – Harburg Metin Hakverdi Metin Hakverdi SPD 61,590 39.3 35,107 Uwe Schneider
List members CDU GRÜNE FDP Christoph Ploß (1) Franziska Hoppermann (2) Christoph de Vries (3) Katharina Beck (1) Emilia Fester (3) Michael Kruse (1) Ria Schröder (2) LINKE AfD SPD Żaklin Nastić (1) Bernd Baumann (1) Niels Annen (2)
Lower Saxony