Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari () known as Mohaghegh Sabzevari () (born in 1608, died on 19 April 1679) was an Iranian Faqih and Shia scholar from the 11th century AH, Shaykh al-Islām and the Imam of Friday Prayer of Isfahan.
Mohaghegh Sabzevari was born in Naman village around Sabzevar and settled in Isfahan and was raised in the jurisprudence philosophy school of Isfahan. He was a principled Islamic jurist, theologian and sage. He had a friendly relationship with Mullah Mohsen Fayz Kashani. In rational sciences he was one of the students of Mir Fendereski and in traditional sciences he was one of the students of Mullah Hassan Ali Shoushtari and some other great masters of the time.
Life Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari was born in the village of Naman around the city of Sabzevar, Razavi Khorasan Province in 1608 and is the son of Mohammad Mo'men al-Sharif al-Sabzevari (died around 1619). During the reign of Shah Abbas I, after the death of his father, he went to Isfahan with his family to continue his education. After a while, he became one of the leading scholars of his time, so that at the request of Shah Abbas II, he became the Imam of Friday Prayer of Shah Mosque and Shaykh al-Islām of Isfahan. He was also appointed director of Molla Abdollah School.
He was brought up in the philosophical school of jurisprudence of Isfahan, which was both a school of jurisprudence and a philosophical. He had a close relationship and friendship with Khalifeh Soltan (Prime Minister of Shah Abbas the Great, Shah Safi I and Shah Abbas II), Mullah Mohsen Fayz Kashani, Agha Hossein Khansari (her sister husband) and Seyyed Abdol Hossein Khatoonabadi, the famous 11th century AH writer and historian.
His masters
Mohaghegh Sabzevari has used famous professors during his studies. Some of his masters have been outstanding in his time:
Baha' al-din al-'Amili
Among his professors in traditional sciences are the following:
Mohammad Taghi Majlesi, known as the Majlesi Avval Mullah Hassan Ali Shoushtari (Abolhassan Tustari Esfahani, died 1664, author of "Al-Tebyan") Mullah Heydar Ali Esfahani Seyyed Hossein ibn Heydar Ameli
Among his professors in the rational sciences are the following:
Mir Fendereski (Mir Hosseini, 1562–1640), famous sage of the 11th century AH Qazi Moez al-Din Hossein
Mohaghegh Sabzevari has been allowed "the narration to preserve and transmit the hadith to future generations" from several students of Baha' al-din al-'Amili, who were great scholars:
Mohammad Taghi Majlesi Noor al-Din Ali ibn Hossein ibn Abi al-Hassan Ameli (1658) Mir Sharaf al-Din Ali ibn Hojjat Sholestani Hossein ibn Heydar ibn Qamarkorki, known as Hossein Mofti Esfahani (died 1632)
His other professors include:
Sheikh Ahmad Bohrani Sheikh Hossein Moqerri Ameli Mola Heydar ibn Mohammad Khansari Esfahani
Works Zakhirat al-Ma'ad fi Sharhe al-Ershad (, The repertoire of the resurrection in the explanation of the guidance): It is an Islamic jurisprudential book that covers the subject of purification until the end of the discussion of Hajj. This book is a description of the book "Ershad al-Az'han ela Ahkam al-Iman" (, Guidance of the Minds to the Provisions of Faith) by Allamah Al-Hilli, which has been considered by great scholars since its writing, and a number of notes and explanations have been written on it, and it has also been cited and argued in the detailed books of Islamic jurisprudence. The date of writing of the first volume (, Book of Purification) is mentioned December 1640 and at the end of the second volume (, Book of Prayer), the date of writing is mentioned August 1643. The date of writing of Ketab al-Zakat (, Book of Zakat) and Ketab Hajj (, Book of Hajj) is not mentioned but the date of writing of Ketab al-Sowm (, Book of Fasting) is mentioned September 1645 in the third volume. Kefayat al-Ahkam (, The adequacy of judgments): It is a book of Islamic jurisprudence that includes all the chapters of jurisprudence (Fiqh). This book has also been popular with the names Kefayat al-Moqtased (, The adequacy of the frugal) and Kefayat al-Fiqh (, The sufficiency of jurisprudence). Mohammad Ali ibn Mohammad Hassan Nahwi Ardakani has translated this book as Hedayat al-Aelam (, The guidance of media). This book has had a special place in the eyes of Imamieh jurists and since its writing many annotations and explanations have been written on it.
The reputation of the books "Zakhirat al-Ma'ad fi Sharhe al-Ershad" and "Kefayat al-Ahkam" has caused that in the books of rijal and Islamic jurisprudence, Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari has been introduced as "the owner of the Zakhirat and Kefayat":
Rozat al-Anvar Abbasi (, Recommendations for Abbasi): It is a book about the ethics and style of governance that was written at the request of Abbas II of Persia in 1663 in an introduction and two sections. In the introduction, Mohaghegh Sabzevari points out the reasons why people need kings and the factors of the permanence and decline of the rule of kings. This book is in Persian and is about political ethics. Resaleh fi Tahrim al-Ghina (, The treatise on the prohibition of singing): This treatise is about Ghina' and music and rejects the theory of Fayz Kashani. In this book, Mohaghegh Sabzevari has brought all the verses and narrations that have been included from the companions of The Fourteen Infallibles in the prohibition of Ghina'. Resaleh ee dar Namaz Jomeh (, A treatise on Friday prayers): This book is in Persian and Mohaghegh Sabzevari has written this treatise in Arabic with the title of "Resalah fi Salah Al-Jumu'ah" (). Hashieh ala al-Shafa (, Footnote on the al-Shafa): This book is a footnote on the theology section of Avicenna 's book Healing. In this work, Mohaghegh Sabzevari only describes the difficulties and solves the problems of the book and does not enter into the disputes over the topics. Jameh al-Ziaraat Abbasi (, Comprehensive pilgrimage for Abbasi): About Farsi prayers and pilgrimages in nine chapters in Persian language in credit of Abbas II of Persia.
Seyyed Mosleh al-Din Mahdavi has quoted forty books and treatises by Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari in 1992, citing references, and has pointed out that Sazevari's other books may have been found by studying reference books and the list of libraries: Khalafiah (, Controversial issues): It is written in Persian for Abbas the Great on worship subject. Resaleh ee dar Tahlile Ghina' dar Quran (, A treatise on the analysis of Ghina' in the Quran) Resaleh ee dar Fiqh (, A treatise on jurisprudence): Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari has written this treatise for Abbas II of Persia and it includes all the chapters of Islamic jurisprudence. Resaleh Amalieh (, Practical treatise): Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari wrote this book for his followers and compiled it at the request of Mirza Mahdi ibn Mirza Reza Hosseini Khorasani in 1670. Hashieh ala Sharh al-Isharat (, Footnotes on Sharh al-Isharat): This book contains some footnotes on the description of the book Sharh al-Isharat of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, the compilation of which has been completed on 27 May 1665. Mafatih al-Nejat Abbasi (, The keys of salvation for Abbasi): This book contains the famous and narrated prayers of The Fourteen Infallibles, and consists of an introduction - which is about virtue, etiquette, and the time for prayers to be answered - and 27 chapters. Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari wrote this compilation at the request of Abbas II of Persia and completed it on 28 September 1646. Sharhe Hadise Berr al-Valedayn (, Explanation of the hadith of righteousness with the parents): Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari wrote this work in his own handwriting during his trip to the Masjid al-Haram for the collection of Sheikh Shams al-Din Hussein ibn Muhammad Shirazi. The date of writing of this work is September 1652. Ekhtiarat Ayyaam (, Options of the day): This work is a research on the blessed and blest days and the unfortunate days of the ancient Islamic, Roman and Persian months, which is written in an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, and each of them contains several articles and topics. Sharh Zubdat al-Usūl (, Explanation of the Zubdat al-Usūl): This book is a description of the book "Zubdat al-Usūl" of Baha' al-din al-'Amili. Al-Radd ala Resalah Shobhat al-Estelzam (, Reply to the treatise of suspicion of obligation): This work is in response to Mohaghegh Khansari 's criticisms of Sabzevari's dissertation on the suspicion of obligation.
Sharhe Towheede Saduq (, Explanation of the book "al-Towheed" of Shaykh al-Saduq) Rowzat al-Abrar (, Recommendations of the righteous) Diwane Ash'Aar (, Diwan of poetries) Ketabe Mazar (, Tomb Book) Manaaseke Hajj (, Hajj Rituals) Resaleh ee dar Namaz va Roozeh (, A treatise on Salah and Fasting) Resaleh fi al-Ghusl (, A treatise on Ghusl) Resaleh fi Tahdeed al-Nahar al-Shar'ee (, A treatise on determining the legal day) Hashieh ala Masalek al-Afham (, Footnotes on the "Masalek al-Afham"): This book is a description of the book "Masalek al-Afham" of Zayn al-Din al-Juba'i al'Amili. Resaleh fi Mohgaddameh al-Vajeb (, A treatise in the introduction to the duty) Resaleh fi Fazilah al-Mut'ah (, A treatise in the virtue of the mut'ah) Kefayat al-Fiqh (, Sufficiency of the Fiqh): This book contains about thirty thousand verses of poetry.
Careers
Shaykh al-Islām: The position of Shaykh al-Islami was considered the most important clerical post in the Safavid dynasty era, and in fact Shaykh al-Islam was the head of the clergy of the country, and all religious affairs were administered under his supervision. The exact date of his appointing as Shaykh al-Islam is not available. But Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari, as the Shaykh al-Islam of Isfahan, performed the second coronation and the renaming of Suleiman of Persia:
Imam of Friday Prayer at the Shah Mosque, Isfahan: There is no exact information about the exact date of appointing of Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari as the Friday Imamate of the Abbasi Grand Mosque (Shah Mosque). Apparently, his Imamate began after the year 1661, that is, after the death of Allama Majlesi I, and continued until the year of his death, 1679. Trusteeship of Molla Abdollah School in Isfahan: Molla Abdollah School is one of the most important religious schools in Isfahan. It was built in Isfahan by the order of Shah Abbas I as a place of teaching for Abdullah Shoushtari, one of the great scholars of the Safavid period. After the death of Abdullah Shoushtari (1612), the tutelage of the school was entrusted to his son, Mullah Hassan Ali. In this case it is stated: "Shah Abbas has dedicated the school on the condition that its teaching belongs to the descendants of Mullah Abdullah Shoushtari.". However, during the chancellor of Khalifeh Soltan, on the occasion, the tutelage was removed from him and handed over to Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari, and after that its tutelage remained in the family of Sabzevari. Revival of Bagherieh school in Mashhad: Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari was in the city of Mashhad in 1672 and in this year, he repaired the building of Bagherieh school. According to the text of the inscription, this school was built in 1672, during the reign of Shah Suleiman of the Safavid dynasty. Some historians believe that the school was founded before this date and then in 1672 by the efforts of Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari and by allocating some property, books and stuffs as a Waqf to the school, its building has been restored.وقفنامه شماره 57 در بایگانی اداره کل اوقاف مشهد For this reason, due to Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari presence and teaching at the school, it is known as "Mullah Mohammad Bagher school" and later as the "Bagherieh school".
Contemporaries
Mohaghegh Sabzevari was a contemporary of four kings of the Safavid dynasty during his lifetime, and most of his political life was during the reigns of Abbas II of Persia and Suleiman of Persia (Safi II). His contemporary kings are:
Abbas the Great (reign 1588–1629)