Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)

The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) (), abbreviated as CPN (Unified Socialist) was a major political party in Nepal led by former Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal until it dissolved to form Nepali Communist Party along with eight other major and minor splinter communist groups. A group consisting general secretary Ghanashyam Bhusal, Jeevan Ram Shrestha, Bhawani Prasad Khapung, Urbadutta Pant, Laxman Lamsal, etc formed Unified Socialist Reorganization Campaign.

Former Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal remained the chairman of the party and former Prime Minister Jhala Nath Khanal served as the senior leader. The party was officially registered at the Election Commission, Nepal on 18 August 2021 while it received its certificate of registration on 25 August when the Election Commission verified its application with signature of more than twenty percent in both central committee and federal parliamentary party.

Ideology The party's ideology consists of Marxism–Leninism and support for a multi-party system. The party also favors socialist-oriented economy.

History Formation

President Bidya Devi Bhandari, on the recommendation of the council of ministers issued second amendment on political parties related act on 18 August 2021 relaxing the requirements to split parties with 20 percent or more members of the Parliamentary Party and the Central Committee of the political party.

This same amendment opened the way to formalize the splits caused due to the dispute between two factions of Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal and CPN(UML) respectively. The CPN(UML) faction led by Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal which had a long dispute with CPN(UML) chairman KP Sharma Oli had applied to register their party by the name ''CPN (Unified Socialist)'' with the Election Commission. However, the Election Commission requested him not to register under a preregistered name by including some adjectives.

At the time of the launch of the party, leaders claimed to have 31 members in the two national houses of parliament including 23 from House of Representatives and eight from National Assembly. A Central Committee with 95 members was announced as well.Ratopati. यी हुन् एमाले (समाजवादी) का ९५ केन्द्रीय सदस्यहरु (सूचीसहित) However, many politicians of the mother party CPN(UML) had not finalised their decision yet including party less leader Bam Dev Gautam. Madhav Kumar Nepal was announced to act as the coordinator of the party.Ratopati. UML splits, Madhav Nepal-led UML (Samajbadi) formed

The decision of Madhav Kumar Nepal to form a new party was however met with some criticism from within his own faction. The second generation leaders close to him boycotted the decision except party secretary Jeevan Ram Shrestha and Ram Kumari Jhakri. Leaders including Ghanashyam Bhusal and Yogesh Bhattarai sided with KP Sharma Oli for party unity. This faction included leaders like Yubaraj Gyawali, Astalaxmi Shakya, Bhim Bahadur Rawal, Ghanashyam Bhusal, Gokarna Bista, Bhim Acharya, Yogesh Bhattarai and standing committee members including Surendra Pandey, Raghuji Pant and Amrit Kumar Bohara. They even attended the standing committee meeting of the 8th Bhadra which called upon Nepal faction for party unity for a final time and instructed CPN (UML) to fulfill their 10 points demand. Howeven the 10 point demand was never followed. Later Bhim Bahadur Rawal and Ghanashyam Bhusal were ditched and side lined from the party after 10th general convention of former party for not following party supremo Oli.

On the same day (8th Bhadra), Madhav Kumar Nepal arranged a meeting where he presented the party's doctrine and announced that People's Multiparty Democracy would be their guiding philosophy.

Party Authentication

Following the registration, the Election Commission had summoned CPN (Unified Socialist) on 9th Bhadra for authentication. As per the new provision the party had to present signatures 20% of either the central committee or the parliamentary party to authenticate the registration. The party was able to meet the threshold with 55 out of 205 members of the central committee and 9 out of 33 of the National Assembly and 24 out of 121 of House of Representatives.

Among these members, Pradeep Nepal, a central committee member who was earlier close to Oli, was present during signature session. The signature of Jhala Nath Khanal who signed it from Delhi was counted although the Election Commission had rejected his previous request to accept such signatures as he had been in Delhi for his kidney transplant. However, the Election Commission rejected to accept the signatures of Som Prasad Pandey, Jibaraj Ashrit, Tulsa Thapa and Sharada Devi Bhatta as they had not signed the earlier application for party registration. Letter a petition was filed at Supreme Court which allowed them to join the new party.

Organization development and first local election The party election just eight months after the party formation. Even though the period of organization development was short, party caders got elected unopposed as chairperson of Kaike and Chharka Tangsong rural municipalities of Dolpa district which remained the highest won unopposed by any party. While the party went to election without alliance in Madhesh Province, the party won six local levels out of which four were from Rautahat, the home district of party chair Madhav Kumar Nepal. The party gave close contest to Nepali Congress. Here, the party won five municipalities and one rural municipality. The party won the mayoralty of Pokhara Metropolitan city and Hetauda Sub-metropolitan city and defeated the CPN (UML). Although the party obtained support of alliance in numerous places, it was able to win only twenty local levels signing that the party organization had still not developed as expected.

As a whole, the party won 20 heads, 24 deputy heads, 190 ward chairs and 753 ward members with a total of 986 seats throughout the country. The party went most successful in Madhesh Province where it bagged 6 heads, 5 deputy heads, 80 ward chairs and 310 ward members with a total of 401 seats and that too without any pre electoral alliance contributing to 40% of total national wins.

Party merger and integration A number of parties have merged with CPN (Unified Socialist) since its formation: YearPartyLeader2021CPN (Janavadi)Devendra Singh Mahato2021CPN (Unified)Alok Rayamajhi2021CPN (Gaurabshali)Bhabishwar Parajuli2021Unified Socialist FrontSewantraj Bhandari2022Independent Communist GroupGhanashyam Bhusal2025Unity National CampaignBam Dev Gautam

Organization and structure

Central organization Secretariat A twelve-member secretariat (also known as High Command) of the party was created. It included:

Chairperson: Madhav Kumar Nepal General secretary: Ghanashyam Bhusal Members: Jhala Nath Khanal, Ram Chandra Jha, Rajendra Prasad Pandey, Beduram Bhusal, Pramesh Kumar Hamal, Jayanti Rai, Prakash Jwala, Gangalal Tuladhar, Bijay Paudel and Jagannath Khatiwada

Standing Committee The 34 member Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau has been formed.

Politburo An 86-member politburo has been formed after the formation of the standing committee and central committee.

Central Committee The central committee had a total of 355 members.

Leadership The party has one chairperson, seven deputy chairpersons, one General secretary, four Deputy general secretary and six Secretary. Altogether there are 18 party portfolio holders. Jhalanath Khanal is senior leader and Pradeep Nepal is the leader of the party and are kept at position two and three respectively.

Chairperson Madhav Kumar Nepal

Senior Vice Chairperson

Rajendra Prasad Pandey

Vice-chairman

Gangalal Tuladhar Bhanu Bhakta Joshi Prakash Jwala Jagannath Khatiwada Dharmanath Prasad Sah Jayanti Devi Rai

General Secretary Ghanashyam Bhusal

Deputy General Secretary Metmani Chaudhary Ram Kumar Bhattarai Garima Shah Rajendra Kumar Rai

Secretary Sher Bahadur Kunwor Som Prasad Pandey Shreenath Baral Sabitra Bhusal Chandra Bahadur Shahi Ganesh Bishwakarma Baldev Chaudhary

Provincial committees ProvinceInchargeDeputy InchargeChairmanDeputy Chairman SecretaryDeputy secretaryProvince No. 1Dhanendra BasnetRajendra Kumar RaiSarita Thapa Dharma Raj Niraula Rajan RaiMahesh RegmiMira Dahal HiraMadheshDharma Nath Prasad Sah Ratneshwar Goit Ram Pirit PaswanRam Chandra Yadav Laxman Paudel Ram Chandra Sah TeliSudhir SahNarayan AcharyaBagmatiKedar Neupane Jeevan Ram Shrestha Sadhya Bahadur Bhandari Krishna Prasad KhanalSabitra Bhusal Bidur Sapkota Tok Bahadur WaibaLaxman LamsalGandakiKeshav Lal Shrestha Tul Bahadur Gurung Sharda SubediRamji Sharma Shree Nath Baral Prem Narayan PaudelPratap Lal ShresthaRekha Thapa BashyalLumbiniBhagwat BiswasiNirmala SubediSom Prasad PandeyPitambar BhusalRaju Gurung Brihaspati Adhikari Sarada Swarnakar Hari Prasad GhartiKarnaliPrakash Jwala Chandra Bahadur Shahi Sher Bahadur KC Hansa Bahadur ShahiAmar Bahadur Thapa Devi Lal Thapa Nanda Sharma ChapaiThagendra Prasad Puri Gopal Bahadur Bam Krishna BCSudurpaschimGarima Shah Devendra Singh Mahat Prem Ale Nira Devi Jairu Ram Kumar Gyawali Parmananda BhattaHarka Bahadur SinghSher Bahadur KunworDinesh Chandra Subedi Dirgha Bahadur Sodari Maya BhattaKathmandu Valley (Special)Bishwa Nath PyakurelPramod SharmaKedar SanjelBishnu Lamsal

Chief ministers

Koshi Province No.Chief MinisterPortraitTerms in OfficeLegislatureCabinetConstituencyStartEndTenure1Rajendra Kumar Rai2 November 20219 January 20231st AssemblyR. K. Rai, 2021Bhojpur 1(B)

Bagmati Province No.Chief MinisterPortraitTerms in OfficeLegislatureCabinetConstituencyStartEndTenure1Rajendra Prasad Pandey27 October 202123 December 20221st AssemblyPandey, 2021Dhading 1(A)

Sudurpashchim Province No.Chief MinisterPortraitTerms in OfficeLegislatureCabinetConstituencyStartEndTenure1Dirgha Bahadur Sodari18 April 20245 August 20242nd AssemblySodari, 2024Kailali 4(B)

Electoral performance General election ElectionLeaderParty list votesSeatsPosition Resulting governmentNo.%2022Madhav Kumar Nepal298,3912.837th

Provincial election ProvinceElectionParty list votesSeatsPositionResulting governmentVotesPercentageProvince No. 1202255,9572.955thMadhesh113,9155.467thBagmati68,1013.524thGandaki15,0761.536thLumbini42,6212.269thKarnali35,8266.204thSudurpaschim43,8194.895th

List of Members of Parliament

List of Rastriya Sabha members from CPN (Unified Socialist) No.NameProvinceAppointment dateRetirement date1.Jayanti RaiProvince No. 1202220282.Beduram BhusalBagmati202020263.Goma Devi Timalsina202220284.Singha Bahadur Bishwakarma201820245.Rajya Laxmi GaireLumbini202220286.Udaya BoharaKarnali202220287.Nanda Sharma201820248.Madan Kumari ShahSudurpashchim20222028

List of Pratinidhi Sabha members from CPN (Unified Socialist) +No.NameConstituencyPortraitProvinceElected from1.Amar Bahadur ThapaDailekh 1Karnali2022 Nepalese general election2.Bhanu Bhakta JoshiBajhang 1Sudurpashchim3.Dhan Bahadur BudaDolpa 1Karnali4.Krishna Kumar ShresthaBara 4Madhesh5.Madhav Kumar NepalRautahat 1Madhesh6.Metmani ChaudharyDang 1Lumbini7.Prakash JwalaSalyan 1Karnali8.Prem Bahadur AleDoti 1Sudurpashchim9.Rajendra Prasad PandeyDhading 1Bagmati10.Sher Bahadur KunworAchham 1Sudurpashchim

Sister organizations

Following are the sister organizations of the party: Integrated Centre of Trade Unions, Nepal (एकीकृत ट्रेड युनियन महासंघ, नेपाल) Youth Federation Nepal (युवा संघ नेपाल) All Nepal National Free Students Union (अखिल नेपाल राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र विद्यार्थी युनियन) All Nepal Women's Association (Socialist) (अखिल नेपाल महिला सङ्घ (समाजवादी)) All Nepal Peasants Association (अखिल नेपाल किसान महासंघ) Progressive Nepal National Teachers Association (प्रगतिशील नेपाल राष्ट्रिय शिक्षक संघ)

See also Nepali Communist Party Unified Socialist Reorganization Campaign