Joseph A. Rosen (born Joseph Borisovich Rosen, 1877 – April 3, 1949) is an American agronomist of Russian Jewish origin. He was head of the Russian branch of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee from 1924 to 1938.Американский брат. Джойнт в России, СССР, СНГ
Biography Rosen was born in Moscow.«Джойнт» в Москве His father was the owner of a dye-house in Tula.Элиэзер М. Рабинович. Трое из раздавленного поколения. // «Еврейская старина» № 2 (61). апрель-июнь 2009 He studied at Moscow University. He was sentenced to exile in Siberia for participating in a revolutionary group. He was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party within the Menshevik faction.Guide to the Papers of Joseph A. Rosen (1877—1949), 1911—1943 (bulk 1922—1938) He fled from exile to Germany at the age of 17, where he studied at the agricultural department of the Heidelberg University. He emigrated to the US in 1903 and worked in agriculture for two years. He continued his education at the Michigan Agricultural College from 1905 to 1908, where he received a master's degree in agriculture. He received a Ph.D. in agrochemistry from the University of Minnesota.
Career He developed a new variety of winter rye in 1910, which was named after him ("Rosen Rye") and became widespread on American farms. Under his leadership, an agronomic center was created in Minneapolis, with a branch in Yekaterinoslav, and later in Kharkiv. The purpose of this center was to train agronomists from the Russian Empire in the skills and techniques of highly productive agriculture. He was head of the agricultural department in the New York office of the Petrograd International Commercial Bank from 1915 to 1918. He was also head of the agricultural colony of the Jewish Colonisation Association, created by Baron Maurice de Hirsch, in Woodbine, New Jersey.
He became the envoy of the Joint Distribution Committee in Russia in 1921 and their representative in the American Relief Administration.Михаэль Бейзер, История «Джойнта» в России, СССР И СНГ // Общинная жизнь, № 2, ноябрь 2004 He was director of the Agro-Joint Corporation from 1924 to 1938, which aimed to transform Soviet Jews, mainly "Lishenets", into peasants. Rosen believed that the secret of a happy future for the Jewish people under Soviet rule was in productive labor. He directed a program to relocate German Jewish doctors from Nazi Germany to the Soviet Union. Subsequently, at least 14 of them were repressed by the NKVD, and their families were partially expelled.
During the Great Purge, at least 30 employees of Agro-JointДжойнт were repressed, and 70 people were convicted in the Agro-Joint case.Ерёмин Виктор. Проект Крымская Калифорния и мудрость Иосифа Сталина Rosen's name featured in many cases not directly related to the JDC. A Moscow rabbi Shmarya Yehuda Leib Medalia was accused of receiving money from Rosen to distribute to the poor. Other members of this Moscow religious community (Meyer Rabinovich, Emanuil Sheptovitsky, and others) were also accused of distributing money from him. Two of Rosen's deputies for the Agro-Joint, Ezekiel Groer and Samuil Lyubarsky, were arrested.Гроер Иезекииль Абрамович (1886) // Открытый список (1878–1938).Любарский Самуил Ефимович (1878) // Открытый список Their relatives were told that both of them were sentenced to "ten years without the right to correspond".Интервью с Иреной Гроер . Rosen decided to take charge, and sent a letter from Paris to the NKVD on December 16, 1937:
According to Groer's daughter, Rosen met with Stalin's confidante, Vyacheslav Molotov, but Molotov said that he could not do anything, since the duo had already confessed to everything. In fact, both Groer and Lyubarsky had already been shot, on March 15, 1938, and September 1, 1938, respectively.)
On behalf of the JDC, he investigated the possibility of establishing settlements for Jewish refugees from Europe in British Guyana and the Dominican Republic in 1939. A street in Santo Domingo is named after Rosen. He died April 3, 1949, in New York.
Personal life He married Ekaterina Nikanorovna Shubina.Чуваков В. Н. (сост.) Незабытые могилы. Российское зарубежье. Некрологи 1917—1999. Том 6. Ч. 1. — М., 2005.Books in the English Language on Russia
Sources Краткая еврейская энциклопедия. Т. 7. Кол. 253–254. Мицель Михаил. «Последняя глава». Агро-Джойнт в годы большого террора. Киев: Дух и Литера. 2012. Розен Джозеф А. // статья из Электронной еврейской энциклопедии Guide to the Papers of Joseph A. Rosen (1877—1949), 1911—1943 (bulk 1922—1938) Dr. Joseph Rosen, Agro-joint Director Who Resettled 250,000 Jews in Russia, Dies in N. Y.
References