R1a-SUR51 is a Y-chromosomal paternal lineage found among modern populations including Bashkirs, Mishars and Hungarians.
The Institute of Hungarian Research determined the whole-genome data of King Béla III of Hungary, which was published in 2020, as well as that of King Saint Ladislaus of Hungary, published in 2023.
The paternal Y chromosome of both members of the Árpád dynasty among the Hungarian royal family belongs to haplogroup R-ARP (R1a1a1b2a2a1c3a3b), a subclade of R1a-SUR51 within the R-Z2123 clade.
Ethnogenomic tree
R1a-Z645 > Z93 > Z94 > Z2124 > Z2125 > Z2123 > Y2632 > Y2633 > SUR51
Ancestral subclades of R1a-Y2632 have been identified among individuals associated with the Saka population of the Tien Shan, dated to approximately 427–422 BC.
Clan–tribal affiliation and distribution area of representatives of the R1a-SUR51 lineage
Representatives of the R1a-SUR51 lineage are currently recorded in Bashkiria, Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, and Ryazan Oblast, as well as in Hungary and Serbia.
Bashkirs
Sources:Муратов Б. А., Суюнов Р. Р. Снипы туранских подветвей группы Z2123 по результатам Big-Y. Часть 2 // BEHPS, ISSN: 2410-1788, Vila do Conde – M. – Ufa, Volume 3, No. 4, April 201646 RU-BA samples from Bashkortostan, RussiaPhylogenetic map of R-SUR51
Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan: Sura-Teleu, Zium-Teleu, Bure-Teleu, Oghuz-Teleu; Kuyurgazinsky, Burzyansky, and Kugarchinsky Districts of Bashkortostan: Huun-Qipsak, Qariy-Qipsak, Boshman-Qipsak, Sankem-Qipsak; Burzyansky and Kuyurgazinsky districts of Bashkortostan: Nughay-; Abzelilovsky District, Bashkortostan: Babsak-Qaraghay-Qipsak; Abzelilovsky and Meleuzovsky Districts of Bashkortostan: Shakman-Tamyan; Zianchurinsky and Khaibullinsky Districts of Bashkortostan, and Orenburg Oblast: Aqsak-Usergan; Aktanyshsky District, Tatarstan: Sarish-Qipsak. Mishars
Source:Matches of Barkhievs. FTDNA.
Drozhzhanovsky District, Tatarstan: Barkhievs, Tuktamyshevs, and others; Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (): Bilyaletdinovs and others; Temnikov, Ryazan Oblast: Derbyshevs and others. Hungarians
Fejér County.Samples SRS6609007 and BelaIII_HU3B from Fejér CountyPhylogenetic map of R-ARP10 Serbia
South Bačka District Hungarians and Hungarian diaspora (Vojvodina).Sample SRS6892240 from Južnobački okrugPhylogenetic map of R-ARP5
Lifetime of a common ancestor between the Árpád dynasty and Bashkirs carrying R1a-SUR51
According to research by Péter L. Nagy, Judit Olasz, and their co-authors, the estimated lifetime of the most recent common paternal ancestor between Bashkir carriers of R1a-SUR51 and the Árpád dynasty dates to the beginning of the Common Era.
In contrast, Bulat A. Muratov has proposed a later divergence date, placing the separation between Bashkir R1a-SUR51 lineages and the Árpád dynasty in the 7th century AD.Muratov B. A., Suyunov R. R. Life's time of a common ancestor by the paternal line between the Arpad Dynasty and Bashkirs R1a-SUR51. BEHP "Suyun", Vol. 7, No. 7, July 2020, ISSN 2410-1788
References