Povilaitis is a Lithuanian-language surname derived from the given name Povilas, or Paul. Notable people with the surname include:

Augustinas Povilaitis (1900–1941), Lithuanian Army officer Angela Povilaitis, American former assistant attorney general Monika Povilaitytė (born 1994), Lithuanian beach volleyball player , Lithuanian politician, M.P. Stasys Povilaitis (1947–2015), Lithuanian artist

See also