I FigureNames in medieval languagesHistorical originName meaningRelationshipsEarly and English AttestationsNorse AttestationsGerman Attestations Iarizkar For the second element Kárr, see Kara below. For the first element, see Yaroslav the Wise (Jariz-leifr).In Guðrúnarkviða II, Jarizkárr appears as one of Gudrun's suitors together with Jarisleifr, which probably refers to Yaroslav the Wise who received help from his brother from Eymund who also appears as one of the suitors, Eymóðr. In his translation of Guðrúnarkviða II, Hollander considers the mention out of place and moves it to the notes.Guðrúnarkviða II Ibelin The etymology is unknown, but possibly from MHG îwe/îbe ("yew"). The sister of Duke Nitger of Mautern; she helps Dietrich during his imprisonment by informing Hildebrand1 of his whereabouts, but also warns her brother of the coming attack. Virginal Ibor , , , The name means "boar", from PGmc *eburaz ("wild boar"). The Historia Langobardorum tells that Ibor and his brother Aio were the sons of the wise woman Gambara. The two brothers led their people, the Winnili from Scandinavia to Scoringa, where they settled, but the Vandals, led by Ambri and Assi, demanded that the Winili pay tribute to them or face war. Consulting their mother Gambara, they opted for war instead, and sent a messenger to the Vandals that they would rather fight than be slaves. The Winnili settler were few in number, but young and healthy. Gambara address the goddess Frigg (Frēa), and she told her that the Winnili women should but their hair in front of their faces like beards, and stand next to their men. When the god Odin (Godan) saw them in the morning he asked who the "long beards" were, and Frigg prevailed on Odin to give the Winnili victory against the Vandals, and the Winnili were from then on called Lombards ("long beards"). When Aio and Ibor were dead, they were succeeded by Aio's son Agilmund.Origo Gentis Langobardorum, Historia Langobardorum, Prosper of AquitaineGesta Danorum Idmund The first element ið is a rare word that seems to refer to "perpetual motion", and the second element is ON mundr ("protector").In Helgakvíða Hjörvarðssonar, Hjörvard4 wanted to marry Sigrlinn, the daughter of king Svafnir of Svavaland, so he sent Atli2, the son of his jarl Idmund, to negotiate with Svafnir. Helgakvíða Hjörvarðssonar Iljas von Russland , Appears to derive from the Russian heroic figure Ilya Muromets. Uncle of Ortnit. He helps Ortnit in his question to acquire a bride from the heathen king Machorel; Ortnit is forced to prevent him from killing prisoners, women, and children after combat. In the Þiðreks saga, he is the brother of Oserich. Ortnit, Þiðreks saga Ilsan , also , , or The name is possibly based on PGmc *ali- ("other, strange"), plus a variable suffix. Hildebrand1's brother. He was responsible for Dietrich von Bern's brother and Attila and Helche's sons when Witige killed them. In some stories, he is a warrior monk. George Gillespie writes that it's likely that he originally became a monk to escape Dietrich's wrath for the death of the princes. Dietrichs Flucht, Rabenschlacht, Rosengarten zu Worms, Alpharts Tod Imd From PN *īmiþō. It is the same root as in the giantess names Ímgerðr and Íma, and where íma means "grey stripe".A giantess. In Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I, during a flyting, Sinfjötli accuses his opponent Gudmund2 of having been the daughter of Imd, an event otherwise lost.Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I Immung, Immunch From the stem *im (found in names such as Immo/Emmo), a hypercoristic form of names beginning with ermana ("universal") or *id (possibly "wealth"). The name is characterized as a dwarf name by the suffix -ung. The father of the dwarf Hartung. Ruodlieb Ingebjorg1 The first element is from PGmc *Ingwia- but its origin is contested. It may mean belonging to *Ingwaz an unattested Germanic god, but it may also be derived from the ethnonym Ingwianiz. The second element is PGmc *-berʒō or *-burʒō ("helper", "assistant").The mother of the Saami princess Hvít. Hrólfs saga kraka Ingebjorg2See Borghild2 Ingebjorg3See Ingebjorg1In Ragnarssona þáttr, the daughter of Harald Klak who married Sigurd Hart and with him had the son Gudthorm2 and the daughter Ragnhild.Ragnarssona þáttr Ingeborg See IngebjorgThe daughter of Ingjald (or Yngvi1), the king of Sweden. The infamous berserker Hjörvard1 (or Angantýr) son of Arngrím challenged her lover Hjálmar, the king's champion, to a duel (holmgang) on the island of Samsø for her hand. Hjálmar won the duel, but was mortally wounded by the cursed sword Tyrfing. According to Hervarar saga, she committed suicide upon learning of his death, a tradition found in several places in Norse legend and witnessed by Ahmad ibn Fadlan, and it seems to represent an ancient suttee tradition. Hervarar saga, Orvar-Odd's saga Ingeld , , , Probably originally a historical figure from the western Baltic around 520.Probably from PG *-geldaz ("payment") with the reinforcing prefix in-, or from the divine name Ingwaz.His legend was so popular in England that in 797, Alcuin wrote "what has Ingeld to do with Christ?". In Beowulf, Ingeld is the Heaðobard ruler, and the son of Froda, whom the Danes have killed. The Scylding king Hroðgar marries off his daughter Freawaru to him, in the hope of securing peace. However, during the feast, an old Heaðobard warrior notices a sword that a young Danish retainer has and recognizes it as a Heaðobard sword captured in battle, and reminds his people of their defeat. A young man whose father it had belonged to slays the retainer and escapes. After this Ingeld's interest in his young bride, and in peace, are predicted not to last. In the Scandinavian tradition, Gesta Danorum (VI), has a similar account, but the Danes are replaced by the Saxon Swerting and his sons and Ingeld and the old warrior (Starkad) kill them all, and he appears to divorce his wife. The Skjöldunga saga relates that Ingeld rejected his wife, but that she gave him the son Agnarr. Ingeld later killed Halfdan Scylding, who was avenged by his sons Roas (Hrothgar) and Helgo (Halga). In Widsith (lines 45-49), it is told that Ingeld and his Heaðobards attacked the Scylding residence at Heorot burning it down, but that Hroðgar and Hroðulf defeated them and presumably killed Ingeld. In Bjarkamál he is referred to by Bödvar Bjarki as the father of Agnarr that he has killed in battle. Ingeld's family may be mentioned on the Rök runestone: "the line of Ingold was repaid by a wife's sacrifice".Entry Ög 136, in Rundata. Alcuin, Beowulf, Widsith (lines 45-49) Gesta Danorum (VI), Bjarkamál, Skjöldunga saga, Rök runestone Ingjald For etymology, see Ingeld, above. Secondarily, the Old Norse form Ingjaldr may have been perceived as a contraction of Ingivaldr. Tolkien calls Ingjald the "most famous of the Yngling kings of Sweden". He was the great-grand-son of king Eadgils of Beowulf. He took over the kingdoms of neighbouring petty kings by inviting them to a feast at Uppsala and burning them to death inside the hall at night. When he was attacked by Ivar Vidfamne, he committed suicide by burning himself to death with all his retinue in his hall at Ræning. He was the father of Åsa1 and Olof Trätälja.Historia Norwegiæ, Ynglinga saga, Hervarar saga, Af Upplendinga Konungum Ingjald Olofsson See Ingjald, above.In the Ynglinga saga, Ingjald is one of the two sons of Olof Trätälja, and the brother of Halfdan Whiteshanks. Ingjald ruled Värmland after his father's death, and was inherited by his brother Halfdan.Af Upplendinga konungum, Ynglinga saga Ingvar Harra The first element is from PGmc *Ingwia- but its origin is contested. It may mean belonging to *Ingwaz an unattested Germanic god, but it may also be derived from the ethnonym Ingwianiz. The second element -arr can have three different origins: *-harjaʀ ("war chief, warrior"), *-warjaʀ ("defender") or *-ʒaiʀaʀ ("spear"). King of Sweden, and the son of king Eysteinn. He assumed the rule after the interregnum of the sea king Sölvi, and at that time, Sweden was beset by pillaging Danes and easterners. He made peace with the Danes and started pillaging in the east. He fell in mainland Estonia or on Saaremaa and was buried there. He was the father of king Anund.Historia Norwegiæ, Ynglinga saga Ingvar of Fjädrundaland Possibly historical.For the name Ingvar, see above. As the petty king of Fjädrundaland, he and his two sons Agnarr and Álfr were invited together with a number of other petty kings by the Swedish king Ingjald ill-ruler to a feast at Uppsala, but at night the doors were barred and he hall set on fire, burning everyone inside to death. After this Ingjald expanded his realm. As their names alliterate and are identical to some found in the Yngling dynasty, they may have been members of that dynasty. Ynglinga saga Ingvar (others) For other figures named Ingvar, se Yngvarr Ingvi or Ingvone See Yngvi Innstein and UtsteinThey seem to be connected with the royal estate of Utsteinn in Hordaland.The name element -steinn means "stone", while inn- means "in" and út- means "out". Styrr means "tumult, battle", and in the name Steinarr, -arr can have three different origins: *-harjaʀ ("war chief, warrior"), *-warjaʀ ("defender") or *-ʒaiʀaʀ ("spear").Innstein and Utsteinn are the sons of Alf11 the Old, the jarl of Hordaland, and Gunnlöð. They are both named Steinn, although they in ch. 16 are called Styrr and Steinarr. Innstein gets his name because he always wants to raise a tent on the ship when it rains and sit inside it, while his brother sits outside. Utsteinn joins the sea-king Half1 and his warriors. When they are treacherously killed by Asmund, Gunnlöð finds her son Innsteinn dead, but Utsteinn is still alive, so she takes care of him and two of his brothers-in-arms till they are healthy. Utsteinn joins an expedition to avenge Half1 led by Hrok the Black. Hrok the Black's brother Hrok the White becomes the father of another Gunnlöð who is the mother of Hromund Gripsson, the hero of Hrómundar saga Grípssonar. Innstein is mentioned in Hyndluljóð as the son of Alf8 the Old, and as the father of Ottar, the matter of the lay.Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka, Hyndluljóð Iring , Not mentioned in historical contemporary sources on his historically attested lord Hermanafrid, potentially derived as a figure from sacral paths used by kings. Etymology uncertain. Wilhelm Grimm suggested the name came from Epurduring, a name for the Thuringii. Förstemann suggests that the name is from Hiru, see Iron, below. Vassal of the Thuringian king Hermanafrid, in the Deeds of the Saxons, Theuderic I persuades him to kill Hermanafrid, but Iring afterwards kills Theuderic and then cuts his way out of the hall. In the Nibelungenlied he is a Dane and an exile at Attila's court. Deeds of the Saxons, Nibelungenlied, Þiðreks saga Iron , Förstemann comments that the element ir- is "unexplainable", but suggests that it was originally Hiru, and the same as ON hjǫrr, OS heru, etc., i.e. from the PGmc root *χeruz ("sword"). Some names may be from Harja (PGmc *χarjaz, "army") and the name Hieronymus. An earl and son of Artus (king Arthur). He is captured by King Salaman and slain by Aki Aurlungatrausti (see Hache) after having an affair with the latter's wife Bolfriana. The Middle High German form of the name, in connection to Nordian2, is mentioned in a poem by Der Stricker: Iram and Nordian are said to have undertaken a disastrous wisent hunt. Þiðreks saga Isung1 , Old Swedish The Old Norse name has been connected both with Old Norse ('ice') and ('iron'); Förstemann connects the corresponding Old High German form to both words. The name may be identical with a nickname as well as a common noun meaning "head-covering". The king of Bertangenland and a patron of Sigurd/Siegfried. He invites Dietrich von Bern and eleven companion to fight twelve of his own warriors. He is attacked by King Hertnið and killed by the latter's wife Ostacia in the form of a dragon. Þiðreks sa