William Gott (1797 – 26 August 1863) was a British wool merchant, mill owner, philanthropist towards public services and art collector from Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Together with his brother John, William Gott took over management of Armley Mills, the former Park Mills at Bean Ings, Leeds, and other businesses from their father Benjamin Gott from the mid-1820s. Their company, Gott & Sons, was a major local employer, having hundreds of regular workers, plus weavers on piece-work. While involved with the company they faced an indictment for smoke pollution at Park Mills, and showed an unsympathetic response in line with 19th-century culture to a weavers' pay strike due to low wages.

William Gott lived in various mansions, including Denison Hall and Wyther Hall at Leeds, and Bay Fort at Torquay, Devon. He married twice and had at least six children, one of whom was John Gott, Bishop of Truro. His philanthropy included the contribution of funds towards churches and civic buildings, and the provision of exhibits including the Leeds Tiger for Leeds Museum, via the Leeds Philosophical Society of which he was vice president by the end of his life. His art collections are now dispersed, but his bound volumes of watercolours, lithographs and drawings are held at the Hepworth Gallery at Wakefield, West Yorkshire, and his Piranesi drawings are in the British Museum.

Life

William Gott's paternal grandparents were engineer and bridge-surveyor John Gott (1720–1793) of Woodhall, Bradford and Susanna Jackson of Bradford. His parents were Benjamin Gott (1762–1840) of Armley House, Leeds, and Elizabeth Rhodes (1768–1857) of Badsworth. William was their third son, born in Leeds, and baptised on 15 March 1797 at St Peter, Leeds. William had three brothers, John (1791–1867), Benjamin (1793 – Athens 1817) and Henry (d.Paris 1825), and an unmarried sister Harriet (1795 – Hyde Park 30 April 1883). William Gott attended a Leeds drawing academy run by Joseph Rhodes (1778–1855).

First marriage On Wednesday 15 August 1821 at Childwall parish church, Gott married Margaret Ewart (1795–1844), or (d. Woodhouse 9 August 1846), daughter of Liverpool merchant William Ewart (1763–1823) of Mossley Hill, Lancashire. Margaret Ewart's brothers were William Ewart, MP for Dumfries Burghs (1798–1869), and Joseph Ewart, MP for Liverpool. William and Margaret had at least six children all born in Leeds, including Margaret (b.ca.1823), William Ewart Gott (1827–1879), Elizabeth (b.ca.1826), Anne (b.ca.1828), John Gott (Leeds 25 December 1830 – Trenython 21 July 1906) who was vicar of Leeds, Dean of Worcester, and Bishop of Truro, and Harriet Caroline Robins née Gott (ca.1841 – Tonbridge 1906). Deaths Jun 1906 Robins Harriet Caroline. 65 Tonbridge 2a 436

Second marriage Gott's second wife was the widow Susannah Maria McLauchlan Raoux née Backler (Paris 21 January 1822 – Lewisham 8 March 1901), Deaths Mar 1901 Huxtable Susannah Maria 78 Lewisham 1d 751 whom he married on 28 July 1851 in Kennington, Surrey, Marriages Sep 1851 Gott William and Susannah Maria Raoux Lambeth IV 290 and again on 6 April 1853 in Blatherwycke, Northamptonshire. Marriages Jun 1853 Gott William Oundle and Susannah Maria Raoux 3b 331 He was 25 years her senior, and they had no children. Susannah's father was cupper John Backler (d. Whitechapel 1846). Deaths Dec 1846 Backler John Whitechapel 2 474 Her first marriage, in 1841 in Paris, was to Charles Raoux (d. by 1851). On 2 November 1875 at Westminster St James, after Gott's death, she married her third husband Archdeacon Anthony Huxtable (1808 – St Leonards-on-Sea 12 December 1883), Marriages Dec 1875 Huxtable Anthony and Gott Susannah Maria Westminster 1a 833 he having been widowed when his already-paralysed wife Maria Sarah Huxtable (1796 – Newton Abbot 1874) died when a lift-rope broke at home. Deaths Jun 1874 Huxtable Maria Sarah. 80 Newton A. 5b 110

Other life events In June 1829 William Gott's governess Miss Daniel innocently married one "John" Stanley, a wool merchant, broker, father to eleven children and uncertificated bankrupt from London who had been living in Leeds for a few years. Stanley was a bigamist called Joseph Stanley, and all was revealed when his first wife arrived from London in 1830, after he had been pretending to the mother of his children for some years that he was in debt and had driven her to destitution by taking all her property. Stanley had spent the money on furnishing Crimbles House, Leeds for the second Mrs Stanley. William Gott, Benjamin Gott and Miss Daniel's father attempted to deal with the matter, the first Mrs Stanley pressed charges and Joseph Stanley ran away.

In 1832 a 20-foot-wide road on one of Gott & Sons' properties in Burley, Leeds was enclosed by the enclosure commissioner George Hayward, for the purposes of road improvement. It was to be named Gott's Road. It led west from the Burley Green Road.

Politics, religion and personality The Leeds Intelligencer said: In politics, Mr. Gott was a sound Conservative, though he took no public part in them. He was very tolerant of the political opinions of others, and in all his dealings with other men he displayed an almost complete abnegation of political partisanship. In religion, Mr. Gott was a consistent member of the Church of England, whose usefulness he sought to extend, not less by his own life of practical piety, than by the way in which he aided every scheme for church improvement in the town. The Dean of Chichester would bear us witness [that] ... in all his many works Mr. Gott was at his right hand ... Kindness to others, sympathy with all sorrow, and a desire to make all around him happy, were the prominent points of his character.

Rev. F.J. Wood said: [Gott was] upright and just in every relation of life, gentle and considerate towards all who were brought into contact with him, generous and munificent in his charities, the sympathising friend of the poor, the warm and constant supporter of every good work both at home and abroad, a true gentleman in the highest sense of the word, a sincere and humble Christian ... the name of William Gott has long been a household word in the mouths of many of us.

Although some of his contemporaries said that Gott did not take part in public life, he was nevertheless a councillor for Leeds Corporation, having taken over his brother Johns's councillorship when John was elevated to alderman in 1833.

Gott's residences Between at least 1830 and 1851, Gott was living in Denison Hall at 19 Hanover Square, Leeds. This large 18th-century mansion designed for wool merchant William Denison (1714–1782) of Kirkgate, Leeds, by William Lindley of Doncaster, is now a Grade II* listed building. During his last years, his residences were Wyther Grange also known as Wyther Hall, Kirkstall, Leeds, and Bay Fort, Torquay.

Death and funeral

Gott "had not enjoyed the best of health for some years past", when he died suddenly on 25 August 1863 at Patterdale, Northumberland, while visiting. He was not ill when he arrived but, according to the London Evening Standard, on 20 August "he got wet during a short walk", "and a serious attack of dysentery came on, from which he never rallied". According to the Leeds Intelligencer, he caught a cold, suffered from diarrhoea, and "rapidly sunk".

On 1 September 1863, William Gott's funeral took place inside the former St Bartholomew's chapel, which stood near the present site of St Bartholomew's Church, Armley,. and he was interred in the large family vault in the chancel, below the Benjamin Gott monument. The cortège included a hearse, four coaches and a "large number of carriages", and it processed for an hour between Wyther Hall and Armley Church, while the Town Hall bell tolled. "Many of the principal tradesmen in the town closed their shops until the funeral had terminated". The Burial Office was said by Canon Atley, Rev. G. Armfield and Rev. S. Joy. The John Bull said:The church was crowded ... most of the ladies of the family were present. The great bell at the Town Hall was muffled and tolled during the time the funeral was taking place. Also a muffled peal, composed expressly for the occasion by Mr. Gawkrodger, was rung during the day on the parish church bells, and at St Philip's, and Trinity Churches similar tokens of respect were paid; and a great number of shops were closed.

Gott's will was proved on 21 October 1863 at Wakefield. He left effects under £140,000 ().

Career

Together with his brother John Gott, William Gott was a senior partner in the woollen cloth mercantile and manufacturing firm Benjamin Gott & Sons at Armley Mills and Park Mills at Bean Ings, Leeds, having taken over from his father Benjamin Gott, in 1825. By 1861 the brothers were employing a total of 291 men, 361 women, 63 boys and 102 girls.

The University of Leeds has a cloth-pattern book, dated 1815 (when Gott was aged 18), which once belonged to a William Gott.

Smoke nuisance trial, 1824

In 1824, Benjamin Gott and his sons John and William were charged with nuisance relating to Park Mills at Bean Ings, which was on the north bank of the River Aire, less than a mile south-west of Park Square, Leeds. The Bean Ings mill was "perhaps the first industrial-scale steam-driven wool mill in the world". The legal case was of great interest to industrialists and engineers, on account of the conflict between potential benefits and dangers of industrial progress. The charge was as follows: The indictment charged that they, on the 13th March 1823, in the borough of Leeds, with force and arms, near the dwelling-houses of divers of His Majesty's liege subjects, did construct and set up a certain engine, worked by steam, and divers furnaces and stoves employed in the working of the said engine, and did improperly and negligently burn large quantities of coke, coal, charcoal and other materials, whereby divers noisome and unwholesome smokes and vapours were emitted, so that the air at Leeds was impregnated with the said smokes and vapours, and was rendered and became greatly corrupted, offensive, uncomfortable and unwholesome. The defendants pleaded – Not Guilty.

In the opening speeches, it was said that previous cases had been difficult to prosecute, because industrialists lived far away from their own factory smoke, and did not care. However, "a steam engine consumes, as it has been usually employed, as great a quantity of coals in one hour as a moderate family does in twelve months". Vegetables in gardens near the Bean Ings mill had been "disfigured and polluted with soot"; linen could not be washed and dried, and dyers had to re-dye. It did appear, though, that Gott's firm had reduced the smoke nuisance somewhat, so that the main discussion in Court concerned the amount of costs which Gott & Sons might be made to pay.

Weavers' strike, 1831