This is a timeline of the history of the Kingdom of Champa and its people–the Cham–an Austronesian-speaking ethnic group in Southeast Asia.
Neolithic Year Date Event 1000 BC Austronesian Chamic people migrated to Hue, Central Vietnam coast and forged a metal-age culture in Sa Huỳnh.
Chinese rule Year Date Event 111 BC Han conquest of Nanyue AD 100 People of Xianglin county revolted against the Chinese Han dynasty and destroyed Han administration buildings. 136 Xianglin inhabitants revolted against the Han dynasty. 144 Xianglin revolt spread to the Red River Delta and was suppressed. 192 Cham leader Khu Liên led a successful revolt against the Chinese Han dynasty. Khu Liên found the kingdom of Lâm Ấp, allegedly the first Cham state.
From 3rd to 15th centuries
3rd century Year Date Event 220 Phạm Hùng became King of Lâm Ấp. 248 Lâm Ấp attacked Jiaozhou and provoked a rebellion in Jiuzhen. 270 Phạm Hùng raided Jiaozhou with aid from king of Funan Fan Hsün. 284 Phạm Dật became king of Lâm Ấp and sent the first mission to Imperial China. 286 Kingdom of Quduqian sent an envoy to the Jin dynasty
4th century Year Date Event 336 The chief minister of Phạm Dật, Phạm Văn (Fan Wen) became king. Phạm Văn was a Chinese man who was being sold as a slave to Champa when he was a child. 340 Phạm Văn pacified barbarian tribes and sent a mission to Imperial China. 347 Phạm Văn seized part of Rinan south of the Hoành Sơn mountain. 349 Phạm Phật (Fan Fo) succeeds his father Phạm Văn, who died in early that year. 351–359 Phạm Phật launched several incursions on the Chinese province of Jiaozhou. 372 Phạm Phật sent mission to China. 380 Phạm Phật was succeeded by his son Phạm Hồ Đạt (Fan Huda), who was supposedly Bhadravarman I. 399 Fan Huda launched an invasion of Rinan, but was driven back by the Chinese governor Du Yian.
5th century Year Date Event 405 Cham raided Rinan. 413 Fan Huda launched another invasion on Rinan, but was defeated and beheaded by Du Xuedu. 413 Gangaraja pilgrimed to the Ganges River, India. 420 The new king of Lâm Ấp, Phạm Dương Mại I attacked the Jin dynasty, but suffered a defeat. Half of Lâm Ấp's population was massacred. 431 Phạm Dương Mại II attacked Jiaozhou but was driven back. 432 Phạm Dương Mại II requested the Liu Song court for the chairman of the Prefect of Jiao. 446 May Liu Song dynasty invaded Lâm Ấp, besieged the Cham capital of Kandarapura, sacked the city, killed the Cham king, and looted 100,000 pounds of gold. 456 Son of Phạm Dương Mại II, Fan Chen-ch'eng, sent embassy to China. late 5th century Lâm Ấp's economy flourished. ~ 480 The throne of Lam Ap was usurped by a man named Fan Dānggēnchún/Jiū Chóuluó with help of rebels. Fan Dānggēnchún received support from the Chinese. 484 King of Funan Jayavarman Kaundinya requested the Chinese Qi empire to launch a punitive expedition against Linyi.
6th century Year Date Event 529 Bicuibamo died. A descendant of Gangaraja named Rudravarman became king. 530 Rudravarman sent mission to the Liang dynasty. 541 Rudravarman attacked the Jiǔdé/Cửu Đức province (today Hà Tĩnh). 544 Pham Tu, a general of Ly Bon, defeated Rudravarman. 572 Rudravarman died. Sambhuvarman became king of Lâm Ấp. 595 Sambhuvarman sent an embassy to the emperor of new unified Sui China.
7th century Year Date Event 600 Sambhuvarman constructed the Bhadresvara temple of Mỹ Sơn and a new sanctuary called Sambhubhadresvara. 605 Sino–Cham war: Chinese general Liu Fang invaded Lâm Ấp and overcame Sambhuvarman's army; Cham capital Simhapura was sacked; Lâm Ấp was briefly occupied into three Chinese counties; Liu Fang died of disease during withdraw. 623 Sambhuvarman reasserted Cham independence and sent a mission to the new Tang Empire. 629 Sambhuvarman died and was succeeded by his son Kandarpadharma. Since then, Chams have used Champa to refer to their state. 631 Kandarpadharma sent missions to the Tang. 640 Prabhasadharma became king of Champa and sent mission to the Tang. 645 Prabhasadharma was assassinated by his minister. 646 Prince Bhadreśvaravarman fled to Cambodia while the throne was occupied by a minister. 650 A sister of Prabhasadharma, princess (Daughter of Kandarpadharma) became ruler of Champa. 653 Prakasadharma, a son of a Cham prince named Jagaddharma (grandson of Kandarpadharma) and Khmer princess Sarväni (daughter of Isanavarman I of Chenla), ascended the throne of Champa as Vikrantavarman I. 658–669 Cham territories expanded to the south. 667 Cham envoy to Cambodia. 686 Vikrantavarman II became king of Champa.
8th century Year Date Event 722 Champa and Chenla assisted Mai Thúc Loan's rebellion against the Tang Empire. 740 The Simhapura dynasty interrupted and vanished with no available explanation. 749 The last Lâm Ấp envoy to the Tang Empire. 757 Prithindravarman became king of Champa. 770 Satyavarman became king of Champa. 774 Javanese raiders pillaged and destroyed the Po Nagar temple in Nha Trang. 784 Satyavarman restored and rebuilt the temple. 787 Satyavarman's younger brother, Indravarman, became king of Champa. Javanese raiders destroyed Bhadrädhipatisvara Temple in Phan Rang. 793 Indravarman sent a mission to China. 799 Indravarman driven off the Javanese and restored the temple of Bhadrädhipatisvara.
9th century Year Date Event 802 Harivarman I became king of Champa. 803 Harivarman I attacked the Chinese protectorate of Annan. 804 The Senäpati Par launched incursion on Khmer Empire. 818 Vikrantavarman III succeeded Harivarman I. 875 Indravarman II became the king of kings and relocated the capital to Indrapura. Mahayana Buddhism was evaluated as the state religion; Indravarman built the great Buddhist complex of Lakshmindralokesvara in Đồng Dương. 889 Khmer ruler Yasovarman I led an invasion of Champa, but was repelled by Indravarman II. 890 Indravarman II died and was succeeded by his nephew Jaya Simhavarman I.
10th century Year Date Event 904 Saktivarman, son of Simhavarman, became king of Champa. 905 Prince Bhadravarman II became king of Champa. 918 Bhadravarman's son Indravarman III became king of Champa. 950 Khmer–Cham wars: Indravarman III defeated a Khmer invasion of Nha Trang. 958 Indravarman III's envoy Abu'l Hassan brought petrol bombs from Champa to the Chinese Later Zhou court as tribute. 960 Jaya Indravarman I became king of Champa. 965 Jaya Indravarman I restored the temple of Po Nagar which previously plundered by the Khmer. 967 Ngô Nhật Khánh, a Vietnamese prince and grandson of Ngô Quyền, fled to Champa. 971 An Arab named Ali Nur became the deputy king of Champa. 972 Paramesvaravarman I became king of Champa and kept a close relationship with the Song dynasty 979 Paramesvaravarman I and Ngô Nhật Khánh led a fleet to attack Dai Viet after its king Dinh Bo Linh was assassinated. The invasion however was stopped by a typhoon; Ngô Nhật Khánh was drowned and abandoned. 980 The new Viet ruler, Le Hoan, sent embassy to Champa to establish relationship. However, Paramesvaravarman arrested the envoys. 982 Cham–Vietnamese War (982): Le Hoan launched a naval invasion that killed Paramesvaravarman and destroyed much of the capital Indrapura then withdrew. 983 A Viet official in the Cham government name Lưu Kế Tông seized the power in Indrapura and successfully resisted Le Hoan's attempt to remove him. 986 Indravarman IV died. Lưu Kế Tông proclaimed as king of Champa and sent a mission to China to seek international recognition. Thousands of Cham and Muslims fled the country. 988 The Cham populace protested against Lưu Kế Tông by enthroning a Cham native in Vijaya. 989 Lưu Kế Tông died and the Cham leader in Vijaya was known as Harivarman II, the seventh dynasty of Champa began. 999 Harivarman II's reign ended.
11th century Year Date Event 1007 Harivarman III became king of Champa 1008 Civil war broke out in Champa, Harivarman III defeated the rebels. 1018 An unknown king ruling the kingdom 1020 Cham army clashed with Vietnamese prince Lý Phật Mã in modern-day northern Quảng Bình Province. 1030 Vikrantavarman IV allegedly became king of Champa 1041 Vikrantavarman IV's son Simhavarman II was enthroned. 1042 Simhavarman II sent a mission to China to request investiture. 1043 Simhavarman II raided the coast of Dai Viet. 1044 Lý Thái Tông led a sea attack on the Cham city of Kandarapura. Simhavarman II resisted the invaders but was slain. The Vietnamese then plundered the Cham capital Vijaya and took away the royal family and national treasures. 1050 The new Cham king Jaya Paramesvaravarman I sent his nephew Mahäsenäpati to suppress a revolt in Pänduranga. To satisfy the southern populace, Paramesvaravarman restored the Po Nagar temple and provided them slaves from Cambodia, China, Burma, and Siam. 1060 Bhadravarman III became king of Champa. 1061 Rudravarman III became king of Champa. 1062 Rudravarman III sent a mission to the Song court. 1068 Rudravarman III sent a mission led by Abu Mahmud to the Song court; Rudravarman III attacked Dai Viet; Lý Thánh Tông responded by launching a new seaborne campaign on Champa. 1069 Spring Vietnamese raiders led by Lý Thánh Tông besieged Vijaya and ransacked the city; Chế Củ (supposedly Rudravarman) fled to Cambodia. April Chế Củ was taken as a prisoner in Cambodian territory. After exchanging for three northern provinces to the Viets, the Cham king was spared. 1069–1074 Civil war exploding in Champa; Rudravarman III was deposed by rebels; more than ten warlords proclaimed themselves king of Champa. 1074 Prince Thäng destroyed all opposite factions, becoming king Harivarman IV and found the Harivarmanid dynasty. 1075 Harivarman IV repulsed a Vietnamese raid. 1077 Harivarman IV made peace with Dai Viet. 1080 Khmer–Cham wars: The Khmers attacked Champa, but was repelled. Harivarman IV restored numerous temples while organizing raids penetrating Cambodia as far as Sambor and the Mekong. Nine-year-old Prince Vak was crowned as Jaya Indravarman II. 1081 Jaya Indravarman II's uncle Pang became Paramabhodhisatva. 1086 Paramabhodhisatva was overthrown by Jaya Indravarman II.
12th century