The Obrimini are the most species-rich tribe of the Phasmatodea family of the Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia.
Description The Obrimini differ from their sister tribe the Hoplocloniini by the structure of the secondary ovipositor at the abdomen of the females, which surrounds the actual ovipositor. It is formed in the Obrimini dorsally from the eleventh abdominal tergum called supraanal plate or epiproct, while in the Hoplocloniini it originated from the tenth tergum.
Distribution area The distribution area of the Obrimini extends from Borneo to the east and includes the Philippines, Sulawesi, most of the Moluccas and New Guinea. Farthest east lies with Viti Levu, the main island of the Fiji group, the distribution area of Pterobrimus depressus.
Taxonomy
Brunner von Wattenwyl built in 1893 for the genera already described Obrimus, Hoploclonia, Tisamenus, Pylaemenes, Dares and Datames (today a synonym to Pylaemenes) the tribe Obrimini (abbreviated there as Obrimi.). He placed these together with the genus Heteropteryx and the South American tribe Cladomorphini (abbreviated there as Cladomorphi.) in the family Cladomorphidae (now synonymous with Cladomorphinae). In the following years, basesd on this work, mostly genera of today's Obriminae and Dataminae were listed in this tribe, for example by Josef Redtenbacher in 1906. Lawrence Bruner raised the Obrimini to the rank of a family in 1915. James Abram Garfield Rehn and his son John William Holman Rehn divided the Obriminae, which they only referred to as a subfamily, into the tribes Obrimini and Datamini in 1939. Both tribes were transferred in 1953 by Klaus Günther to the subfamily Heteropteryginae. In 2004 Oliver Zompro raised this subfamily to the rank of family and the tribes contained in the rank of subfamilies or in the rank of a separate family (Anisacanthidae). At the same time he built three tribes in the subfamily Obriminae. In addition to the Obrimini, these were the Miroceramiini and the Eubulidini. The latter was in 2016 by Frank H. Hennemann et al synonymized with the Obrimini. At the same time, the new tribe Tisamenini was established within the Obriminae. In a study based on genetic analysis, published in 2021, Sarah Bank et al. synonymized the tribe Miroceramiini and the tribe Tisamenini with the Obrimini and placed next to this the Hoplocloniini as the only other tribe in the subfamily Obriminae. In addition, a species previously referred to as Trachyaretaon sp. 'Negros' was identified as a representative of an as yet undescribed genus. Hennemann described this in 2023 alongside many other species of the tribe as Trachyaretaon negrosanon.
Genera with species Sources: Image Genus SpeciesAretaon Aretaon asperrimus Aretaon muscosus Armadolides Armadolides manobo Brasidas Brasidas bakeri ) Brasidas cavernosus Brasidas foveolatus Brasidas lacerta ( Brasidas malaki Brasidas manobo Brasidas rehni Brasidas samarensis Brasidas viscayanus Brasidas waray Eubulides Eubulides alutaceus Eubulides blaan Eubulides constanti Eubulides igorrote Eubulides lumawigi Eubulides taylori Eubulides timog Heterocopus Heterocopus leprosus Mearnsiana Mearnsiana bullosa Mearnsiana maranao Miroceramia Miroceramia westwoodii Obrimus Obrimus bicolanus Obrimus bufo Obrimus mesoplatus Obrimus uichancoi Pterobrimus Pterobrimus depressus Stenobrimus Stenobrimus bolivari Stenobrimus lumad Stenobrimus pilipinus Stenobrimus tagalog Sungaya Sungaya aeta Sungaya dumagat Sungaya ibaloi Sungaya inexpectata Theramenes Theramenes dromedarius Theramenes exiguus Theramenes letiranti Theramenes mandirigma Theramenes olivaceus Tisamenus Tisamenus alviolanus Tisamenus armadillo Tisamenus asper Tisamenus cervicornis Tisamenus charestae Tisamenus clotho Tisamenus deplanatus Tisamenus draconina Tisamenus fratercula Tisamenus hebardi Tisamenus heitzmanni Tisamenus hystrix Tisamenus irenoliti Tisamenus kalahani Tisamenus lachesis Tisamenus makinis Tisamenus malawak Tisamenus napalaki Tisamenus polillo Tisamenus ranarius Tisamenus serratorius Tisamenus spadix Tisamenus summaleonilae Tisamenus tagalog Tisamenus trapezoides Trachyaretaon Trachyaretaon bresseeli Trachyaretaon carmelae Trachyaretaon echinatus Trachyaretaon gatla Trachyaretaon maliit Trachyaretaon mangyan Trachyaretaon nakatago Trachyaretaon negrosanon Trachyaretaon tumandok
References Robertson, J. A.; Bradler, S. & Whiting, M. F. (2018). Evolution of Oviposition Techniques in Stick and Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea), Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Bresseel, J.; Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021). Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae), Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472
Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W.: Phasmida Species File Online. (accessdate 12 June 202)
Günther, K. (1953). Über die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea, Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 3, Nr. 5, pp. 541–563
Hennemann, F. H.; Conle, O. V.; Brock, P. D. & Seow-Choen, F. (2016). Revision of the Oriental subfamiliy Heteropteryginae Kirby, 1896, with a re-arrangement of the family Heteropterygidae and the descriptions of five new species of Haaniella Kirby, 1904. (Phasmatodea: Areolatae: Heteropterygidae), Zootaxa 4159 (1), Magnolia Press, Auckland, New Zealand,
Rehn, J. A. G. & Rehn, J. W. H. (1939). Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences (Vol. 90, 1938), Philadelphia, pp. 389 ff.
Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1893). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. Genova (2) 13 (33):101, p. 98
Redtenbacher, J. (1906). Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Vol. 1. Phasmidae Areolatae. Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 45 ff.
Zompro, O. (2004). Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea), Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, pp. 191–240,
Hennemann, F. H. (2023). Theramenes letiranti – a remarkable new species of Obriminae stick insects from Mindanao, Philippines (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae), Faunitaxys, 11 (45), pp.1–9
Hennemann, F. H. (2023) A taxonomic review, including new species and new records of Philippine Obrimini stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae: Obriminae), Faunitaxys, 2023, 11 (71), pp. 1–135.
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