Obolonsky (masculine), Obolonskaya (feminine) is a Russian-language surname, see "Blonsky" for its etymology. Notable people with this surname include:

(1856-1913), Ukrainian (Russian Empire) professor of legal medicine, dean of the medical department, Kiev University Raisa Obolonsky (1924-2010), Russian writer Shane Obolonsky, Canadian kickboxer

See also Mirosław Obłoński Oblonsky Obolonsky family (in Russian)