This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.
These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 19th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.
Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire, are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806), and found on this list of leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire.
Africa
Africa: Central
Angola
Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) – Malenge a Ngonga, King (1792–c.1810) Kitumba kya Ngonga, King (c.1810–1820) Kansanje kya Kambolo, King (c.1820s) Kihengo kya Kambolo, King (early 1830s) Kamasa ka Kiwende, King (mid 1830s) Mbumba a Kinguri, King (c.1840–1850) Kalunga ka Kisanga, King (1850)
Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) – Henrique II, King (1794–1803) Garcia V, King (1803–1830) André II, King (1830–1842) Henrique III, King (1842–1857)
Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) – unknown son of Ana III, King (1810–?)
Portuguese Angola, (complete list) – Colony, 1575–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Cameroon
Fondom of Bafut (complete list) – Achirimbi I, King (1799–1852)
Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) – Mbouombouo, Mfon (1757–1814) Ngbetnkom, Mfon (1814–1817) Mbeikuo, Mfon (1817–1818) Ngouhouo, Mfon (1818–1865)
Duala people (complete list) – Kwa a Kuo, ruler (18th–early 19th century) Bele a Doo, King (early 19th century) Ewonde a Kwane, Chief (early 19th century) Ngando a Kwa, King (c.1814–1846) Doo a Priso, Chief (19th century) Mbape a Bele, Chief (19th century)
Kamerun (complete list) – German colony, 1884–1916 For details see the German Empire under central Europe
Central African Republic
Chad
Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) – ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806) Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1806) ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1806–1807) Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1807) ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807) Muhammad III, Mbangi (1807) ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807–1846) ‘Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858)
Wadai Empire (complete list) – Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803) Abd al-Karim Sabun, Kolak (1803–1813) Muhammad Busata ibn ‘Abd al-Karim, Kolak (1813–1813) Yusuf Kharifayn ibn ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1813–1829) Raqib ibn Yusuf ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1829–1829) Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Dhawiyi ibn Radama (1829–1835) Adham ibn Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Kolak (1835–1835) ‘Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858)
Congo: Belgian; today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kuba Kingdom (complete list)Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910; page 17–19 – Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810) Mikope Mbula, Nyim (1810–1840) Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885)
Kingdom of Luba (complete list) – Ilunga Sungu, muLopwe (1780–1809) Kasongo Mukaya, muLopwe in rebellion (c.1800–?) Kumwimba Ngombe, muLopwe (1809–1837) Ndaye Muzinga, usurper muLopwe (1837–1837) Ilunga Kabale, muLopwe (1837–1864)
Lunda Empire (complete list) – Nawej II Ditend, Mwaant Yaav (c.1800–1852)
Congo: French; today, the Republic of the Congo
Kingdom of Loango (complete list) – , King (early 19th century) N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou, King (1840-c.1883)
Equatorial Guinea
Spanish Guinea (complete list) – Colony, 1778–1968 For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Gabon
Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) – Rénwombi "Mpolo", Agamwinboni (1790–1810) Ogul'Issogwe Rogombe, Agamwinboni (1810–1840) Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" / King Pascal, Agamwinboni (1840–1862)
São Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) – Colony, 1470–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Africa: East
Great Lakes area
Burundi
Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) – Ntare IV, King (c.1796–c.1850) Mwezi IV, King (c.1850–1908)
Kenya
Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) – Independence disputed with Oman Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811) ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1811–1823) Omani Suzerainty Sulayman ibn ‘Ali al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1823–1826)
Pate Sultanate (complete list) – Nabahani dynasty Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr, Mfalume (1779–1809) Ahmad ibn Shaykh, Mfalume (1809–1813) Fumo Luti Kipunga ibn Fumo Madi, Mfalume (1813–1818) Fumo Luti ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1818–?) Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi, Mfalume (?–1823, ?) Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu, Mfalume (1823–?, ?–1830) Fumo Bakari ibn Shaykh, Mfalume (1830–1840) Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1840–1856)
Rwanda
Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) – Yuhi IV Gahindiro, King (1746–1802) Mutara II Rwogera, King (1802–1853)
South Sudan
Shilluk Kingdom Nyokwejø, Rädh (c.1780–1820)
Tanzania
Kingdom of Unyanyembe – Ifundikila, King (1840–1858)
Uganda
Ankole (complete list) – Rwebishengye, Omugabe (?–1811) Kayungu, Omugabe (1811–?) Gasyonga I, Omugabe (?–1839) Mutambuka, Omugabe (1839–1873)
Buganda (complete list) – Semakookiro, Kabaka (c.1797-c.1814) Kamaanya, Kabaka (1814–1832) Suuna II, Kabaka (1832–1856)
Bunyoro (complete list) – Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835) Nyabongo II, Omukama (1835–1848) Olimi V, Omukama (1848–1852)
Horn of Africa area
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Empire (complete list) – Demetros, Emperor (1800–1801) Egwale Seyon, Emperor (1801–1818) Iyoas II, Emperor (1818–1821) Gigar, Emperor (1821–1826) Baeda Maryam III, Emperor (1826) Gigar, Emperor (1826–1830) Iyasu IV, Emperor (1830–1832) Gebre Krestos, Emperor (1832) Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1832) Gebre Krestos, Emperor (1832) Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1832–1840) Yohannes III, Emperor (1840–1841) Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1841–1845) Yohannes III, Emperor (1845) Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1845–1850) Yohannes III, Emperor (1850–1851)
Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) – Aydahis ibn Kadhafo Mahammad, Sultan (1779–1801) Aydahis ibn Mahammad ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1801–1832) Hanfere ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1832–1862)
Kingdom of Garo (complete list) – Dukamo, Tato (1790–1845)Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64. Ogata, Tato (1845–1865)
Kingdom of Gera (complete list) – Tulu Ganje, Moti (?–c.1840) Abba Baso, Moti (c.1840) Abba Rago I, Moti (c.1845–c.1860)
Kingdom of Gomma (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix – Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820) Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840) Abba Bagibo, Moti (early 19th century) Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856)
Kingdom of Gumma (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif – Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century) Oncho, Moti (c.1810) Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854)
Emirate of Harar (complete list) – Ahmad II ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1794–1821) `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1821–1825) `Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1825–1834) Abu Bakr II ibn `Abd al-Munan, Emīr (1834–1852)
Kingdom of Jimma (complete list) – Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800) Abba Rago, Moti (early 19th century) Abba Jifar I, Moti (c.1830–c.1855)
Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268. – Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821) Gaha Nechocho or Gali Sheroch, King (1821–1845) Gawi Nechocho or Haji Ginoch, King (1845–1854)
Leqa Neqemte (complete list) – Bekere Godana, Moti (1841–1868)[Ta'a, Tesema. "The Process of Urbanization in Wollega, Western Ethiopia: The Case of Neqemte". Journal of Ethiopian Studies 26, no. 1 (1993): 59–72. Accessed April 29, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41966012. p. 63]
Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (complete list) – Bofo, Abba Gomoli I, Supera (1800–1825) Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861)
Welayta: Tigre dynasty (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii. – Amado, Kawa (1800–1835) Damota, Kawa (1835–1845) Gobe, Kawa (1845–1886)
Somalia (including Somaliland)
Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) – Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (mid-18th century–1828) Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (1828–1848 Ahmed Yusuf, Sultan (1848–1878)
Majeerteen Sultanate (complete list) – Suldaan Maxamuud "Xawaadane" Suldaan Yuusuf Suldaan Cali, King (?–1815) Suldaan Cismaan "Bah-Dir" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1815–1842) Suldaan Yuusuf "Bah-Yaaquub" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1842–1844) Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, King (1844–1860)
Isaaq Sultanate (complete list) – Guled Abdi, Sultan (~1750s-1808) Farah Guled, Sultan (1808-1845) Hassan Farah, Sultan (1845-1870)
British Somaliland (complete list) – Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Indian Ocean
Comoros
Sultanate of Mwali (complete list) – Ramanetaka, Sultan (1830–1842) Ravao, Tsivandini, Regent (1842–1849) Djoumbé Fatima, Queen/Sultan (1842–1865, 1874–1878)
Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) – Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816) Abdallah bin Alawi, Sultan (1816–1832, 1833–1836) Ali bin Salim, Sultan (1832–1833) Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah, Sultan (1836–1837) Salim bin Alawi, Sultan (1837–1852)
Madagascar
Boina Kingdom (complete list) – Ravahiny, Queen (c.1778–1808) Tsimalomo, King (1808–c.1822) Maka (Andrianaresy), (pretender) King (1808) Andriantsoly, King (1822–1832) Oantitsy, Regent (f) (1828–1829) Oantitsy, Queen (1832–1836) Tsiomeko, Queen (1836–1840)
Merina Kingdom Monarchs (complete list) – Andrianampoinimerina, King (1787–1810) Radama I, King (1810–1828) Ranavalona I, Queen (1828–1861) Prime ministers (complete list) – Andriamihaja, Prime minister (1828–1833) Rainiharo, Prime minister (1833–1852)
Mauritius
Isle de France (complete list) – French colony, 1715–1810 For details see France under western Europe
British Mauritius (complete list) – Colony, 1810–1968 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Seychelles
Colony of Seychelles Part of British Mauritius, 1811–1903 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Africa: Northcentral
Libya
Karamanli dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania (complete list) – Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha (1795–1832) Ali II Karamanli, Pasha (1832–1835)
Tunisia
Beylik of Tunis Beys (complete list) – Hammuda ibn Ali, Bey (1782–1814) Uthman ibn Ali, Bey (1814) Mahmud ibn Muhammad, Bey (1814–1824) Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud, Bey (1824–1835) Mustafa ibn Mahmud, Bey (1835–1837) Ahmad I ibn Mustafa, Bey (1837–1855) Grand viziers (complete list) – Yusuf Sahib al-Tabi, Grand vizier (1815–1822) Husain Khoja, Grand vizier (1822–1829) Rashid al-Shakir Sahib al-Taba'a, Grand vizier (1829–1837) Mustapha Khaznadar, Grand vizier (1837–1873)
Africa: Northeast
Egypt
Khedivate of Egypt (complete list) – Muhammad Ali, Khedive (1805–1848) Ibrahim Pasha, Khedive (1848) Abbas Helmi I, Khedive (1848–1854)
Sudan
Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) – Abd al-Rahman, Sultan (1785/6–c.1801) Muhammad al-Fadl, Sultan (c.1801–1838) Muhammad al-Husayn, Sultan (1838–1873)
Hamaj Regency of the Funj Sultanate Sultans (complete list) – Ranfi, Sultan (1798–1804) Agban, Sultan (1804–1805) Badi VII, Sultan (1805–1821) Regents (complete list) – Idris wad Abu Likayik, Regent (1798–1804) Adlan wad Abu Likayik, Regent (1804–1805)
Taqali (complete list) – Abakr I, Mukūk (1800–1820)