This is a timeline of women's suffrage in South Dakota. The early history of women's suffrage in the state is shared with North Dakota. When South Dakota became a state, it held a voter referendum in 1890 on an equal suffrage amendment. This effort failed, but suffragists continued to organize and lobby the legislature to pass voter referendums. None passed until 1918. South Dakota ratified the Nineteenth Amendment on December 4, 1919.

19th century

1860s 1868 Enos Stutsman proposes a women's suffrage bill in the Dakota Territorial House.

1870s 1872 The Territorial Legislature nearly passes a full women's suffrage bill, losing by one vote.

1879 The Dakota Territory gives women the right to vote in school meetings.

1880s 1881 Women are allowed to become county superintendents of public education.

1883 A change in the way people would vote on school issues disenfranchised many women voters in the territory. The Territory wanted women to use separate ballots for school issues. Summer: Matilda Joslyn Gage lectures on women's suffrage in the territory. September 6: A women's suffrage petition signed by 1,000 people was presented to the Sioux Falls convention that was deciding whether or not to split the territory. 1884 The South Dakota Republican Party adopts universal suffrage in their party platform.

1885 Activists in the southern part of the Dakota territory, working with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), work on petitions to influence the territorial legislature to support women's suffrage. John Pickler proposes a women's suffrage bill in the Territorial House, which passed. It is vetoed by Governor Gilbert A. Pierce. Marietta Bones starts a suffrage organization in Webster.

1887 A school suffrage bill expanding the rights of women to vote for all kinds of school issues passes. A full women's suffrage bill is proposed, but does not pass the territorial legislature.

1888 A call for a women's suffrage group was put out in Grand Forks. On April 12, a meeting was held to form a women's suffrage group that had a packed crowd.

1889 After the Dakota territory is admitted as two states, two distinct women's suffrage movements emerge. October 21: The South Dakota Equal Suffrage Association (SDESA) is formed in Huron by Emma Smith DeVoe and her husband, John. November 11: Susan B. Anthony starts a lecture tour in South Dakota.

1890s 1890 February: The Picklers and Alonzo Wardall ask NWSA for organizers and funds for the upcoming suffrage campaign. June: Sophia M. Harden and other activists speak for women's suffrage at the state Democratic Party convention at Aberdeen. July 7–8: The SDESA holds a state suffrage convention in Huron. August 25–26: SDESA holds a second women's suffrage convention in Mitchell in order to strategize for the upcoming women's suffrage referendum vote. August 27: Suffrage leaders are able to speak at the Republican party convention in Mitchell. August: A suffrage convention was held in Grant County. The Grant County Equal Suffrage Association is formed. November 4: The women's suffrage amendment is defeated. The Athol Equal Suffrage Association is created. The Grant County Equal Suffrage Association is formed. 1892 The Prohibition Party passed resolutions for equal suffrage and equal pay. State suffrage convention was held in Huron.

1893 A women's suffrage amendment bill is lobbied for and passed in the state legislature. July 4: Suffragists in Onida raise money for campaigns in Colorado, Kansas, and New York. September: SDESA holds its annual meeting in Aberdeen.

1894 November: The state women's suffrage amendment is defeated. 1895 September 16–17: WCTU and SDESA hold annual conventions in Pierre.

1896 December 3–4: SDESA holds their annual convention in Salem.

1897 October: The Union County Equal Suffrage Association is formed. Suffragists work towards influencing the state legislature to pass another state amendment bill. 1898 July: Anna Simmons and Enma Cranmer lead the Equal Suffrage Day at Lake Madison Chautauqua. November: The state women's suffrage amendment was defeated. 1899 September: SDESA holds a joint convention with the state WCTU in Madison.

20th century

1900s 1900 January 15: U.S. Senator, R. F. Pettigrew presents a petition for a federal suffrage amendment to the U.S. Senate. September: SDESA holds their annual meeting in Brookings.

1901 The South Dakota Political Equality Association (SDPEA) is formed. February 1: State WCTU members, Luella Ramsey and Philena Everett Johnson lobby for a state suffrage amendment. Spring: SDESA organizes local Political Equality Clubs to help distribute literature and better reach more women.

1902 Women's suffrage convention called to be held in Watertown in October.

1903 Women's suffrage petition for a state suffrage amendment is rejected by the secretary of state. 1904 The South Dakota Prohibition Party's platform includes equal women's suffrage.

1906 Suffragists petition the state legislature to consider women's suffrage. 1907 March: The business committee of SDESA meets in Highmore. September 17–18: SDESA holds its annual meeting in Pierre.

1908 SDESA raises money by the foot, literally asking people to send them enough pennies to fit on twelves inches of cardboard.

1909 Suffragists petition the state legislature to pass a women's suffrage amendment referendum. June 18: SDESA holds their suffrage convention in Aberdeen. November 3–5: The state suffrage convention is held in Sioux Falls.

1910s 1910 The Philip Suffrage Club is organized in Philip. A major suffrage campaign is enacted, bringing in activists from around the state and country, including Anna Howard Shaw. November: The women's suffrage referendum is defeated.

1911 January: Activists lobby the state legislature on women's suffrage. February: Suffragists put forward the idea that the state constitution already allowed state and county offices. The South Dakota Universal Franchise League is formed by Mamie Shields Pyle. 1912 January: Pro-suffrage newspaper, South Dakota Messenger, is first published. July: A state suffrage convention is held in Huron.

1913 The women's suffrage amendment bill is the first to pass the legislative session. March: South Dakota is represented in the Woman Suffrage Procession by marchers and a golden chariot. July: SDUFL holds their annual meeting in Huron.

1915 Winter: A women's suffrage amendment is passed by the state legislature and will go to a voter referendum.

1916 Anti-suffragists become an auxiliary of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWS). August 7: Suffrage Day is celebrated in South Dakota. October: The South Dakota Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage began an anti-suffrage campaign that included Minnie Bronson. November: Voter referendum on the women's suffrage amendment does not pass, but more people support women's suffrage this time. 1918 November 6: Women's suffrage passes with the passage of the Citizenship Amendment.

1919 December 4: South Dakota ratifies the Nineteenth Amendment.

1920s 1924 The Indian Citizenship Act is passed, but South Dakota refuses to follow the law and allow Native Americans, as U.S. Citizens to vote.

See also List of South Dakota suffragists Women's suffrage in South Dakota Women's suffrage in states of the United States Women's suffrage in the United States

References

Sources

External links Timeline of South Dakota Suffrage