Vitaly Grigorievich Khlopin (Russian: Вита́лий Григо́рьевич Хло́пин) (January 1890 - 10 July 1950) was a Russian and Soviet radiochemist, professor, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), Hero of Socialist Labour (1949), and director of the Radium Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939-1950).В. Г. Хлопин в БРЭ. He was one of the founders of Soviet radiochemistry and radium industry, received the first domestic radium preparations (1921), one of the founders of the Radium Institute and leading participants in the atomic project and founder of the school of Soviet radiochemists.
Biography He was born on January 14 (26), 1890 in Perm, in the family of a doctor Grigory Vitalievich Khlopin (1863-1929). From 1905 the Khlopins lived in St. Petersburg.
Brief chronology of his life path:Vitaly Grigorievich Khlopin. Introductory article by B. A. Nikitin, bibliography compiled by N. M. Nesterova. Materials for the bibliography of scientists of the USSR. M.-L.: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1947. 1947Vdovenko V. I. Modern radiochemistry. M.: Atomizdat. 1969Nikolsky B. P., Klokman V. R. Academician V. G. Khlopin. At the origins of Soviet radiochemistry. // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 1981 No. 9. 1897 - began studying at a private men's school in Yuriev; 1908 - graduated from the 12th St. Petersburg Gymnasium; 1911 - graduated from the chemistry department of the University of Göttingen.Ushakova N. N. Vitaly Grigorievich Khlopin (1890-1950). Responsible editors: B. P. Nikolsky and G. S. Sinitsyna. M.: Nauka, 1990 ISBN 5-02-006067-4In the summer semesters of 1910 and 1911, accompanying his father on trips to Germany (1911), he listened to lectures and studied chemistry with professors O. Wallach, G. I. Tamman, R. A. Zsigmondy and Ken; took a physics workshop with Professor Rike, and in the summer of 1911 received credit for all semesters and passed the Verband ekzamen in the Test Commission chaired by Professor Wallach. Thus, Vitaly Khlopin passed exams for the entire chemical specialty program of the university and received his first university diploma. — Vernadsky V.I. Khlopin Vitaly Grigorievich. Curriculum vitae - RAS Archives: fund 518; inventory 5, storage unit No. 1748 1911—1913 - at the St. Petersburg Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess Helena PavlovnaLater - the Leningrad Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, now - the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education he taught practical sessions on chemical methods of sanitary analyses; 1912 - graduated with a first degree diploma from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University in chemistry; 1912-1917 - remained at the University at the Department of General Chemistry as an assistant, where under the guidance of L. A. Chugaev he was being prepared for teaching (the first work with L. A. Chugaev on the synthesis of complex compounds of platonitrite with dithioethers); 1913-1916 - engaged in experimental research in the chemistry of platinum compounds and analysis of rare elements; 1914, 1915 - laboratory assistant at the Petrograd Central City Chemical Laboratory; 1915 - at the suggestion of Academician V.I. Vernadsky he started working in the Radiological Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences (organized in the autumn of 1911 in the former studio of A.I. Quindzhi on Vasilievsky Island) as a specialist in chemistry (until 1921); 1915, 1916 - at the suggestion of the Chemical Committee at the State Academy of Sciences, conducts experimental work on obtaining products of military-chemical importance (some asphyxiants) and on developing methods for obtaining pure platinum from Russian raw materials, and on behalf of the Central Laboratory of the Central Laboratory of the Navy Department participates in the development of a method for obtaining sodium azide;The results of the work on obtaining pure platinum were reported at a meeting of the Council of the Platinum Institute and published in the proceedings of this institute, and the results of the second work - in the journal of the Physical-Chemical Society for 1917. Autumn 1916 - the Military Chemical Committee sent as a specialist in chemistry as the head of sanitary and evacuation part in the "Urmiyskaya Expedition for the survey of boron-acid springs of the Kara region and the Urmiysky lake area";The results of the development of expedition materials were reported to the Chemical Society in February 1917 and published under the title «К методике определения борной кислоты и растворимых боратов в минеральных водах» (“Towards a method for determining boric acid and soluble borates in mineral waters”) 1916 - member of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia (CNPF); 1917 - until the liquidation of the Committee for Military Labor Assistance - secretary of its Chemical Division and chairman of the Commission on Luminous Compounds; in October participated in the work of the Congress on Technical Defense of the State;Made a report on the issue of organizing the production of luminous compounds in Russia and the possible supply of them to the army assistant at the Department of General Chemistry I of Petrograd University (until 1924); 1918-1919 - in summer he was elected Commissioner of the Board formed under the NPFR for the organization of the first Radium Plant in Russia. V. G. Khlopin was entrusted with the general management of issues related to the chemical and administrative side of the case; in December he was elected as a representative of CNPF to the Council of the Radium Association; from January 1919 he was a member of the Council of the Chemical Division of the Russian Technical Society; from July 1918 to September 1919 he was a member of the Council of the Platinum Institute; 1918-1934 - member of the editorial board of the Chemical-Technical Publishing House, later transformed into the publishing house Chemteoret; 1920 - elected Professor of the Department of General Chemistry at the Ural State University (unable to travel to the Urals, he was forced to give up his position); 1921 - on December 1, V. G. Khlopin obtained the first highly active preparations of domestic radium;Essays on the history of Leningrad University. Vol. 5. L., 1984. P. 37 1922-1934 - Head of the gas department of NPFR, - Geochemical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Leningrad); 1922 - began research at the Radium Institute in Petrograd (Leningrad); 1922-1935 - deputy director and head of the chemical department; from 1924 (simultaneously at the Leningrad University) he headed the gas department of the Geochemical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Helium Laboratory of the Soyuzgaz Trust; 1924 - V. G. Khlopin suggested the idea that the process of fractional crystallization is caused by the distribution of matter between two immiscible phases (crystals and saturated solution) - the law of microcomponent distribution between liquid and solid phases (Khlopin's law); since summer he has been holding meetings with students of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University;Zinaida Vasilievna Ershova Росатом : Official site . — M. Archived December 13, 2013. 1924-1930 - associate professor at Leningrad State University; 1924-1933 - member of the Scientific and Technical Council on Helium at the Helium Committee of the Supreme Council of National Economy; took an active part in the search and study of helium deposits and the development of analytical methods for determining helium; 1925 - at the IV Mendeleev Congress made a report on "Achievements in the field of radioactive substances in the USSR"; scientific trip to Germany; 1928-1934 - member of the Committee for the Chemicalization of the National Economy under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (hereinafter - under the Presidium of the USSR State Planning Committee); 1929, 1930 - Head of hydrochemical works of the Alagez Party of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 1930-1936 - permanent consultant on radium industry at the plant "Rare Elements" (existed until 1931, since 1931 Giredmet was established on its basis) of Soyuzredmet (then Glavredmet); 1931, 1932 - Scientific Director of the Geochemical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 1933 - Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences; member of the Scientific and Technical Council on Helium at the USSR State Planning Committee; 1933-1938 - consultant of the laboratory of the Soyuzgaz Trust, later Heliogazrazvedka (Leningrad); 1934-1937 - professor at the Leningrad State University; 1935 - approved by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences with the degree of Chemistry Philosophy Doctor; 1936-1946 - Director of the Radium Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Leningrad); 1937 - pays much attention to the study of the chemical nature of products of artificial decay of uranium and thorium, which became possible due to irradiation of their preparations at the cyclotron launched at the Radium Institute - the first in Europe; 1938 - consultant to the State Institute of Rare and Minor Metals of the People's Commissariat for Rare and Minor Metals (Moscow); 1939 - full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 1940 - Chairman of the Committee on Uranium Problem at the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 1941, 1942 - in evacuation in Kazan, directed the activities of the Radium Institute; Deputy Chairman of the USSR Academy of Sciences Commission for Mobilization of Volga Region Resources; Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Chemical Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 1943 - Stalin Prize of the third degree for the development of a method of industrial production of radium; 1945 - in Leningrad University V. G. Khlopin headed the first in the USSR chair of radiochemistry, where he gave the first in the Soviet Union course of lectures on radioactivity - the training of a new generation of radiochemists for research organizations and nuclear industry began; 1947 - V. G. Khlopin and E. K. Gerling developed a new method for determining geologic age by xenon accumulated during spontaneous uranium fission.
He died on July 10, 1950, and was buried in Leningrad, at the Tikhvin Cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Family
Father - Grigory Vitalievich Khlopin (1863-1929). Mother - Ekaterina Alexandrovna, née Kavaderova (1865-1945) - a graduate of the Higher Women's Courses in St. Petersburg (verbal-historical and physical-mathematical faculties), was engaged in journalism. (at the time of G. V. Khlopin's exile to the Urals in 1886), from 1905, when the Khlopins lived already in St. Petersburg, Ekaterina Alexandrovna was engaged in charity work. She died on the road during the re-evacuation of the State Radium University from Kazan to Leningrad. Brother - Nikolai Grigorievich Khlopin, a histologist.
Khlopin was first married to Nadezhda Pavlovna Annenkova (daughter of the Narodovtsy P. S. Annenkov[clarification]).
A daughter (born 1913), whom they baptized in a church in Kuokkala.Старые дачи: справочник In 1920 he married Maria Alexandrovna Pasvik.
Scientific works V. G. Khlopin began his independent scientific activity as a student in 1911 - in his father's laboratory at the Clinical Institute he carried out work, the results of which were published in the article "On the formation of oxidants in the air under the action of ultraviolet rays".ЖФХО, ч. хим., 1911, v. 43, dep. 1, c. 4, p. 554-561 and in the German Journal of Inorganic Chemistry: Ueber die Entstehung von Oxidationsmitteen in der athmosphärischen Luft bie Einwirkung von ultra-violetten Strahlen. — Zs. f. anorg. Chem., 1911, Bd. 71, H. 2, S. 198—205