This is a breakdown of the results of the 2017 German federal election. The following tables display detailed results in each of the sixteen states and all 299 single-member constituencies.
Electoral system Germany uses the mixed-member proportional representation system, a system of proportional representation combined with elements of first-past-the-post voting. The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for a four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' population eligible to vote.
Every elector has two votes: a constituency and a list vote. 299 members are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post, based just on the first votes. The second votes are used to produce an overall proportional result in the states and then in the Bundestag. Seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method. If a party wins fewer constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, it receives additional seats from the relevant state list. Parties can file lists in each single state under certain conditions; for example, a fixed number of supporting signatures. Parties can receive second votes only in those states in which they have successfully filed a state list.
If a party by winning single-member constituencies in one state receives more seats than it would be entitled to according to its second vote share in that state (so-called overhang seats), the other parties receive compensation seats. Owing to this provision, the Bundestag usually has more than 598 members. The 18th Bundestag, for example, started with 631 seats: 598 regular and 33 overhang and compensation seats. Overhang seats are calculated at the state level, so many more seats are added to balance this out among the different states, adding more seats than would be needed to compensate for overhang at the national level in order to avoid negative vote weight.
In order to qualify for seats based on the party-list vote share, a party must either win three single-member constituencies or exceed a threshold of 5% of the second votes nationwide. If a party only wins one or two single-member constituencies and fails to get at least 5% of the second votes, it keeps the single-member seat(s), but other parties that accomplish at least one of the two threshold conditions receive compensation seats. (In the most recent example of this, during the 2002 election, the PDS won only 4.0% of the party-list votes nationwide, but won two constituencies in the state of Berlin.) The same applies if an independent candidate wins a single-member constituency (which has not happened since 1949). In the 2013 election, the FDP only won 4.8% of party-list votes; this cost it all of its seats in the Bundestag.
If a voter has cast a first vote for a successful independent candidate or a successful candidate whose party failed to qualify for proportional representation, their second vote does not count to determine proportional representation. However, it does count to determine whether the elected party has exceeded the 5% threshold.
Parties representing recognized national minorities (currently Danes, Frisians, Sorbs and Romani people) are exempt from the 5% threshold, but normally only run in state elections.
Nationwide PartyConstituencyParty listTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats Christian Democratic Union (CDU)14,030,75130.218512,447,65626.815200−65 Social Democratic Party (SPD)11,429,23124.6599,539,38120.594153−40 Alternative for Germany (AfD)5,317,49911.535,878,11512.69194+94 Free Democratic Party (FDP)3,249,2387.004,999,44910.78080+80 The Left (DIE LINKE)3,966,6378.654,297,2709.26469+5 Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)3,717,9228.014,158,4008.96667+4 Christian Social Union (CSU)3,255,4877.0462,869,6886.2046−10 Free Voters (FREIE WÄHLER)589,0561.30463,2921.0000 Die PARTEI245,6590.50454,3491.0000 Human Environment Animal Protection Party22,9170.00374,1790.8000 National Democratic Party (NPD)45,1690.10176,0200.4000 Pirate Party Germany (PIRATEN)93,1960.20173,4760.4000 Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP)166,2280.40144,8090.3000 Basic Income Alliance (BGE)–––97,5390.200New V-Partei³1,2010.0064,0730.100New German Centre (DM)–––63,2030.100New Democracy in Motion (DiB)–––60,9140.100New Bavaria Party (BP)62,6220.1058,0370.1000 Alliance of German Democrats–––41,2510.100New Animal Protection Alliance (Tierschutzallianz)6,1140.0032,2210.100New Marxist–Leninist Party (MLPD)35,7600.1029,7850.1000 Party for Health Research1,5370.0023,4040.100New Human World (MENSCHLICHE WELT)2,2050.0011,6610.000New German Communist Party (DKP)7,5170.0011,5580.0000 The Greys (Die Grauen)4,3000.0010,0090.000New Democracy by Referendum (Volksabstimmung)6,3160.009,6310.0000 Civil Rights Movement Solidarity (BüSo)15,9600.006,6930.0000 The Humanists (Die Humanisten)–––5,9910.000New Magdeburg Garden Party (MG)2,5700.005,6170.000New The Urbans. A HipHop Party (du.)7720.003,0320.000New The Right (DIE RECHTE)1,1420.002,0540.0000 Socialist Equality Party (SGP)9030.001,2910.0000 Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei" (B*)6720.009110.0000 Party of Reason (PDV)2420.005330.0000 Independents for Citizen-oriented Democracy2,4580.00–––00 The Violets (DIE VIOLETTEN)2,1760.00–––00 Alliance C – Christians for Germany1,7170.00–––00 Renter's Party (MIETERPARTEI)1,3520.00–––0New New Liberals (Neue Liberale)8840.00–––0New Family Party (FAMILIE)5060.00–––00 Feminist Party (DIE FRAUEN)4390.00–––00 The Union (DIE EINHEIT)3710.00–––0New Independents and voter groups100,8890.20–––00Valid votes46,389,61598.8–46,515,49299.0–––Invalid/blank votes586,7261.2–460,8491.0–––Total votes46,976,341100.029946,976,341100.0410709+78Registered voters/turnout61,688,48576.2–61,688,48576.2–––Source: Bundeswahlleiter
Leaders' races Party Name Constituency Votes % Position Elected? CDU/CSU Angela Merkel Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I 73,746 44.0 1st SPD Martin Schulz North Rhine-Westphalia party list 1st AfD Alexander Gauland Frankfurt (Oder) – Oder-Spree 30,261 21.9 2nd Alice Weidel Bodensee 14,079 10.4 4th FDP Christian Lindner Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 27,049 15.7 3rd LINKE Dietmar Bartsch Rostock – Landkreis Rostock II 40,202 24.8 2nd Sahra Wagenknecht Düsseldorf II 18,499 13.0 3rd GRÜNE Katrin Göring-Eckardt Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II 11,722 7.1 5th Cem Özdemir Stuttgart I 47,430 29.7 2nd
By state Summary
Party list vote share by state State Union SPD AfD FDP Linke Grüne Others 34.0 23.3 8.2 12.6 7.3 12.0 2.7 33.1 15.1 18.6 6.2 17.8 4.3 4.9 27.2 23.5 7.8 10.8 12.2 13.9 4.5 34.9 27.4 9.1 9.3 6.9 8.7 3.6 25.026.3 10.0 9.3 13.5 11.0 4.3 26.7 17.6 20.2 7.1 17.2 5.0 6.3 30.3 15.2 19.6 7.8 17.8 3.7 5.7 22.7 17.9 12.0 8.9 18.8 12.6 7.0 32.6 26.0 9.4 13.1 7.5 7.6 3.8 26.9 10.527.0 8.2 16.1 4.6 6.7 30.9 23.5 11.9 11.6 8.1 9.7 4.4 28.8 13.2 22.7 7.8 16.9 4.1 6.5 35.9 24.2 11.2 10.4 6.8 7.6 3.9 38.8 15.3 12.4 10.2 6.1 9.8 7.5 34.4 16.4 12.2 12.7 6.4 13.5 4.5 32.4 27.2 10.1 7.6 12.9 6.0 3.9
Seats by state State Distribution Total 2 6 3 3 10 2 26 3 2 1 1 6 3 16 2 5 2 2 4 1 16 5 20 6 7 21 7 66 1 2 1 1 1 6 4 4 1 2 9 5 25 4 3 1 2 9 4 23 6 5 4 3 6 4 28 12 41 12 20 42 15 142 6 4 2 3 12 11 38 4 12 5 6 17 6 50 3 3 1 2 8 5 22 3 9 3 4 14 4 37 7 18 11 12 46 14 108 6 16 13 12 38 11 96 1 3 1 1 3 1 10 69 153 67 80 246 94 709
Schleswig-Holstein PartyConstituencyParty listTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats Christian Democratic Union (CDU)682,28739.810583,13534.0010−1 Social Democratic Party (SPD)493,27928.81399,50523.356−3 Free Democratic Party (FDP)131,7037.70216,84412.633+3 Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)163,5809.50205,47112.0330 Alternative for Germany (AfD)128,6417.50140,3628.222+2 The Left (DIE LINKE)90,5745.30124,6787.322+1 Die PARTEI4,0170.2020,7321.2000 Free Voters15,9570.9011,0950.6000 Basic Income Alliance–––5,6700.300New National Democratic Party–––4,2100.2000 Ecological Democratic Party–––3,1160.2000 Marxist–Leninist Party1,3810.108230.0000 Family Party5060.00–––00 New Liberals3420.00–––0New Others & Independents7550.00–––0–Invalid/blank votes16,172––13,553––––Total1,729,194100111,729,1941001526+2Registered voters/turnout2,266,01276.3–2,266,01276.3–––Source: Federal Returning Officer
Constituency members # ConstituencyPrevious memberElected member Party Votes % MarginRunner-up 1 Flensburg – Schleswig Sabine Sütterlin-Waack Petra Nicolaisen CDU 68,120 40.0 20,409 Clemens Teschendorf 2 Nordfriesland – Dithmarschen Nord Ingbert Liebing Astrid Damerow CDU 62,256 45.1 27,571 Matthias Ilgen 3 Steinburg – Dithmarschen Süd Mark Helfrich Mark Helfrich CDU 54,812 41.9 20,593 Karin Thissen 4 Rendsburg-Eckernförde Johann Wadephul Johann Wadephul CDU 66,625 42.7 21,555 Sönke Rix 5 Kiel Hans-Peter Bartels Mathias Stein SPD 46,991 31.0 431 Thomas Stritzl 6 Plön – Neumünster Philipp Murmann Melanie Bernstein CDU 53,109 40.7 15,381 Birgit Malecha-Nissen 7 Pinneberg Ole Schröder Michael von Abercron CDU 73,816 39.7 17,356 Ernst Dieter Rossmann 8 Segeberg – Stormarn-Mitte Gero Storjohann Gero Storjohann CDU 78,824 41.1 26,390 Alexander Wagner 9 Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord Ingo Gädechens Ingo Gädechens CDU 56,996 41.5 14,764 Bettina Hagedorn 10 Herzogtum Lauenburg – Stormarn-Süd Norbert Brackmann Norbert Brackmann CDU 75,737 39.5 23,566 Nina Scheer 11 Lübeck Gabriele Hiller-Ohm Claudia Schmidtke CDU 45,432 35.3 1,854 Gabriele Hiller-Ohm
List members SPD FDP GRÜNE Bettina Hagedorn (1) Sönke Rix (2) Nina Scheer (3) Ernst Dieter Rossmann (4) Gabriele Hiller-Ohm (5)Wolfgang Kubicki (1) Bernd Klaus Buchholz (2) Christine Aschenberg-Dugnus (3) Gyde Jensen (4) Luise Amtsberg (1) Konstantin von Notz (2) Ingrid Nestle (3) AfD LINKE Bruno Hollnagel (1) Axel Gehrke (2) Cornelia Möhring (1) Lorenz Gösta Beutin (2)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern PartyConstituencyParty listTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats Christian Democratic Union (CDU)316,66234.26307,26333.1060 Alternative for Germany (AfD)168,45618.20172,40918.633+3 The Left (DIE LINKE)171,13018.50165,36817.8330 Social Democratic Party (SPD)161,43717.40139,68915.122−1 Free Democratic Party (FDP)43,8994.7057,8956.211+1 Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)33,7463.6039,5144.3110 Human Environment Animal Protection Party2,1610.2012,5071.3000 National Democratic Party7,9770.9010,4081.1000 Die PARTEI4,6310.509,3091.0000 Free Voters13,7941.507,5430.8000 Basic Income Alliance–––3,0340.300New Marxist–Leninist Party1,6660.201,3660.1000 Ecological Democratic Party5910.101,2050.1000 Others & Independents6950.10–––0–Invalid/blank votes11,742––11,077––––Total938,5871006938,5871001016+3Registered voters/turnout1,324,61470.9–1,324,61470.9–––Source: Federal Returning Officer
Constituency members # ConstituencyPrevious memberElected member Party Votes % MarginRunner-up 12 Schwerin – Ludwigslust-Parchim I – Nordwestmecklenburg I Dietrich Monstadt Dietrich Monstadt CDU 49,733 32.1 15,466 Martina Tegtmeier 13 Ludwigslust-Parchim II – Nordwestmecklenburg II – Landkreis Rostock I Karin Strenz Karin Strenz CDU 43,453 30.0 8,748 Frank Junge 14 Rostock – Landkreis Rostock II Peter Stein Peter Stein CDU 47,923 29.5 7,721 Dietmar Bartsch 15 Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I Angela Merkel Angela Merkel CDU 73,746 44.0 41,573 Leif-Erik Holm 16 Mecklenburgische Seenplatte I – Vorpommern-Greifswald II Matthias Lietz Philipp Amthor CDU 48,269 31.2 11,996 Enrico Komning 17 Mecklenburgische Seenplatte II – Landkreis Rostock III Eckhardt Rehberg Eckhardt Rehberg CDU 53,538 37.6 27,339 Ulrike Schielke-Ziesing
List members AfD LINKE SPD Leif-Erik Holm (1) Enrico Komning (2) Ulrike Schielke-Ziesing (3) Dietmar Bartsch (1) Heidrun Bluhm (2) Kerstin Kassner (3) Sonja Steffen (1) Frank Junge (2) FDP GRÜNE Hagen Reinhold (1) Claudia Müller (1)
Hamburg