Kreis Schwetz was a Prussian district that existed from 1818 to 1920, with its capital at Schwetz. The district was located on the western bank of the Vistula river in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920.
History The area of the Schwetz district belonged to the medieval Kingdom of Poland, then the State of the Teutonic Order since 1309 until 1454/1466, and then the Kingdom of Poland again.
The area of the Schwetz district became part of the Kingdom of Prussia with the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and belonged to the Konitz district until 1818. In 1815, the area became part of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the province of West Prussia. As part of a comprehensive district reform, the new Schwetz district was formed on April 1, 1818, with its capital at Schwetz. With the signing of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, the Schwetz district had to be ceded by Germany to Poland on January 10, 1920.
After the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the annexation of the territory by Nazi Germany, the district became part of the new Regierungsbezirk Bromberg in Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Grupa, Mniszek and Świecie were the sites of large massacres of Poles from the district, carried out by the Germans as part of the Intelligenzaktion. Local Poles were also subjected to expulsions. Towards the end of World War II, the district was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and was restored to Poland.
Demographics The district of Schwetz had a mixed population of Germans and Poles. +Ethnolinguistic distribution of population in the Schwetz district Year18371855186119001910German (includes local Jews)25,67357.5%32,72254.1%34,64853.3%37,02144.7%42,23347.1%Polish / Bilingual / Other18,97742.5%27,78445.9%30,31046.7%45,75455.3%47,47952.9%Total44,65060,50664,95882,77589,712
Politics
District administrators
1827–1829: Sartorius von Schwanenfeld 1829–1850: Raimund von Pape 1850–1867: Richard Wegner 1867–1870: Hans von Zedlitz-Leipe 1870–1874: Wilhelm Woldeck von Arneburg 1874–1897: Gustav Gerlich 1897–1903: Hans Grashoff 1903–1916: Gustav Adolf von Halem 1916–1919: Friedrich Frankenbach 1919–1920: Werner Zschintzsch
Reichstag elections In the German Empire, the Schwetz district formed the Marienwerder 5 Reichstag constituency. In all Reichstag elections, this constituency was closely contested between German and Polish candidates. The respective winners only prevailed with narrow majorities:
1871: Gustav Gerlich, National Liberal Party 1874: Erazm Parczewski, Polish Party 1877: Franz August von Gordon, German Conservative Party 1878: Franz August von Gordon, German Conservative Party 1881: Boleslaw von Kossowski, Polish Party 1884: Franz August von Gordon, German Conservative Party 1887: Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party 1890: Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party 1893: Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party 1898: Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party 1903: Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party 1907: Julian von Saß-Jaworski, Polish Party 1912: Gustav Adolf von Halem, Free Conservative Party
Municipalities In 1912, the Schwetz district included the two towns of Neuenburg in Westpreußen and Schwetz, as well as 151 rural communities:
Adlig Salesche Alt Jasnitz Alt Marsau Altfließ Andreasthal Bagniewo Bechau Biechowo Blondzmin Brachlin Branitz Brattwin Bresin Briesen Bukowitz Buschin Butzig Christfelde Czemnik-Wenglarken Deutsch Lonk Deutsch Westphalen Dragaß Dritschmin Drosdowo Dubelno Dulzig Ehrenthal Eibenhorst Eichenhorst Espenhöhe Espenwerder Flötenau Franzdorf Friedrichsdank Fünfmorgen Gatzki Gellen Gellenhütte Grabowko Groddeck Groß Deutsch Konopath Groß Kommorsk, Bauerndorf Groß Kommorsk, Käthnerdorf Groß Lonk Groß Lubin Groß Plochotschin Groß Sanskau Groß Sibsau Groß Westphalen Groß Zappeln Gruppe Grutschno Hardenberg Hasenau Heinrichsdorf Helenenfelde Hilmarsdorf Jeschewo Jeziorken Johannisberg Julienfelde Julienhof Jungen Jungensand Junkerhof Karlshorst Klein Deutsch Konopath Klein Kommorsk Klein Lubin Klein Plochotschin Klein Sanskau Klein Sibsau Klein Taschau Klein Zappeln Kommerau Königlich Glugowko Königlich Salesche Königsdank Konschütz Korritowo Koselitz Kossowo Kranichsfelde Kruposchin Krusch Kurland Laski Laskowitz Bahnhof Lianno Lichtenhain Liedkesfelde Linsk Lipnitz Lippink Lonsk Lonskipietz Lowinneck Lubau Lubiewo Lubsee Ludwigsthal Luschkowo Maleschechowo Michelau Miedzno Mischke Montau Mukrz Neu Jaschinnitz Neu Klunkwitz Neu Marsau Neuenburg in Westpreußen, town Neunhuben Neusaß-Treul Nieder Sartowitz Niedwitz Osche Oslowo Prust Richlawo Roschanno Rudtken Sadrosch Sandberg Schellenschin Schiroslaw Schirotzken Schönau Schwekatowo Schwetz, town Sdroje Skrzinken Skurzejewo Sprindt Suchau Suchom Sullnowko Taschauerfelde Topolinken Topollno Trempel Treul Tuschin Udschitz Unterberg Waldau Warlubien Weide Wentfin Wiersch Wilhelmsmark Wintersdorf Zielonka
References