Parliamentary elections were held in Lithuania on 13 and 27 October 2024 to elect the 141 members of the Seimas. Members were elected in 71 single-member constituencies using the two-round system, and the remaining 70 in a single nationwide constituency using proportional representation. The first round was held on 13 October and the second round on 27 October.

The elections were won by the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (LSDP), which secured 19.32% of the popular vote and 52 seats, up from 9.58% and 13 seats in the previous elections in 2020. The Homeland Union (TS–LKD), the largest party in the ruling centre-right coalition in the preceding Seimas, finished a distant second, securing 28 seats, down from its previous 50.

Following the first round of the election, the Social Democrats entered into coalition talks with the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) and the Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" (DSVL), which had split from the latter. After the second round, the consultations were expanded to include the Liberals' Movement (LS), which had been part of the outgoing conservative-led coalition, and Dawn of Nemunas (PPNA), a new nationalist party that finished in third place overall.

The LSDP eventually reached a deal with DSVL and PPNA to form a coalition government. The Social Democrats' decision to include the Dawn of Nemunas party, whose founder is known for making controversial statements, prompted domestic and international backlash.

Background The 2020 election was won by the Homeland Union, which formed a coalition with the Liberal Movement and Freedom Party. The Šimonytė Cabinet was appointed by President Gitanas Nausėda on 7 December 2020, after the Seimas approved Ingrida Šimonytė as prime minister. On 11 December, the Government program was approved, thus the cabinet officially took office. Major domestic and foreign events during the term include the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania, 2020–2021 Belarusian protests and the Belarus–European Union border crisis and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The 2023 Lithuanian municipal elections were won by the opposition Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, with the Homeland Union at second place, and the Homeland Union candidate Ingrida Šimonytė was defeated by incumbent Gitanas Nausėda in the 2024 Lithuanian presidential election with the largest share of the vote in the history of presidential elections in Lithuania. However, the Homeland Union finished at first place in the 2024 European Parliament election in Lithuania, with the Social Democrats at second place. The Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, which was the largest party in the Seimas prior to the 2020 parliamentary election, split, with the defectors forming the Union of Democrats "For Lithuania", and finished third in the 2023 municipal and the 2024 European Parliament elections.

Other notable changes in the political landscape since 2020 included the establishment of Dawn of Nemunas, led by presidential candidate Remigijus Žemaitaitis after his expulsion from Freedom and Justice due to his antisemitic statements, which grew in popularity after the 2024 presidential election, as well as the poor performance of the Labour Party, which failed to win a deputy in the European Parliament for the first time since its establishment in 2003, and which was subsequently abandoned by several of the party's members of parliament, which led to the collapse of the party's parliamentary group.

Electoral seat allocation There were 1,740 candidates running for seats in the parliament, including 8 mayors, 4 MEPs and 128 current members of the Seimas. Additionally, 700 politicians vied for seats in 71 single-mandate constituencies.

Half of the seats in the 141-member parliament are allocated to at-large party lists that will clear the 5-percent threshold.

Changes to the constitution and new electoral code

After passing amendment of Constitution's article No. 56 in April 2022, to be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 21 years old on the election day, not under allegiance to a foreign state and permanently reside in Lithuania, while previously, candidates needed to be at least 25 years old on the election day. Persons serving or due to serve a sentence imposed by the court 65 days before the election are not eligible. Also, judges, citizens performing military service, and servicemen of professional military service and officials of statutory institutions and establishments may not run for election. In addition, a person who has been removed from office through impeachment may be elected after 10 year period after impeachment.

The Electoral Code was adopted on 23 June 2022. The Code replaced various electoral acts and introduced several changes to the parliamentary elections. It allowed the establishment more than one overseas constituency and removed a ban of political parties' campaigning on Saturdays (e. g. one day prior to the election). The Electoral Code introduced changes for members to be elected in single-member constituencies. Prior to change, leading candidates needed to obtain over 50 per cent of all votes (including invalid ballots) to be elected in the first round. After the change, leading candidates needed to obtain just over 20 per cent of votes from all registered voters in a particular single-member constituency.

Impeached politicians that will be eligible for reelection Politician Party at time of impeachment Impeachment date Eligibility date for running President of the Republic Rolandas Paksas Independent 6 April 2004 6 April 2014 Member of Seimas National Resurrection Party 11 November 2010 11 November 2020 Member of Seimas Neringa Venckienė The Way of Courage 19 June 2014 19 June 2024

Boundary changes In 2023, single-member constituencies were redrawn. Most boundary changes happened in Klaipėda, Kaunas, Vilnius and their suburbs.

accused some boundary changes as being an attempt of "artificial dilution of the minority electorate".

Electoral system

The Seimas has 141 members, elected to a four-year term in parallel voting, with 71 members elected in single-seat constituencies using the two-round system and 70 members elected by proportional representation. The voting in the elections is open to all citizens of Lithuania who are at least 18 years old.

Parliament members in the 71 single-seat constituencies are elected in a majority vote; or per a new provision instituted in 2022, a leading candidate in a constituency is directly elected if they receive the support of one fifth of registered voters. A run-off is held within 15 days, if necessary. The remaining 70 seats are allocated to the participating political parties using the largest remainder method. Parties normally need to receive at least 5% (7% for multi-party electoral lists) of the votes to be eligible for a seat. Candidates take the seats allocated to their parties based on the preference lists submitted before the election and adjusted by preference votes given by the voters.

For the 2024 election, around 2.4 million people were eligible to vote.

Campaign Announcement On 9 April 2024 the president of Lithuania, Gitanas Nausėda, officially announced 13 October 2024 as the election date. The announcement launched the election campaign, allowing the potential participants to register for the elections, raise funds and campaign in public.

Participating parties The following is a list of parties which are registered as participants in the election by the Central Election Commission. 23 political parties were eligible to participate in the elections, having submitted their membership rolls before 10 April 2024, in compliance with legal requirements. 20 political parties registered for the elections before the deadline on 22 July 2024. Three parties, Together with the Vytis, Movement for Forests – Young Lithuania and Christian Union, withdrew from the race on their own accord. On 9 August 2024, 15 different electoral lists were registered. 1,740 candidates participated in the elections: 1,089 men and 651 women.

Party representatives drew their ballot numbers in a ceremony in Seimas Palace on 19 August 2024. Number of the People and Justice Union was drawn by the representative of the CEC, due to members failure to participate in the event.

Party / Electoral list Abbr.LeaderIdeologySeatsPartyElectoral listLast election1 People and Justice UnionTTSPetras Gražulis Artūras OrlauskasNational conservatismEuroscepticism 2 National AllianceNSVytautas RadžvilasVytautas SinicaChristian conservatismNational conservatism 3 Social Democratic Party of LithuaniaLSDPVilija BlinkevičiūtėSocial democracy 4 Lithuanian Green PartyLŽPIeva BudraitėGreen liberalism 5 Lithuanian People's PartyLLPTauras JakelaitisEduardas Vaitkus RussophiliaHard Euroscepticism 6 Lithuanian Regions PartyLRPJonas PinskusSocial democracyRegionalismSocial conservatism 8 Lithuanian Farmers and Greens UnionLVŽSRamūnas KarbauskisAurelijus VerygaAgrarianismSocial conservatismLeft-wing populism 9 Coalition of PeaceLabour PartyDPViktor UspaskichViktor UspaskichPopulism Lithuanian Christian Democracy PartyLKDPMindaugas PuidokasChristian right did not participate Samogitian PartyŽPIrena Stražinskaitė-GlinskienėRegionalism did not participate 10 Freedom and JusticePLTArtūras ZuokasConservative liberalismNational liberalism 11 Union of Democrats "For Lithuania"DSVLSaulius SkvernelisGreen conservatismSocial democracy split from LVŽS 12 Dawn of NemunasPPNARemigijus ŽemaitaitisPopulismNationalism split from PLT 13 Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian DemocratsTS–LKDGabrielius LandsbergisIngrida ŠimonytėLiberal conservatismChristian democracy 14 Liberals' MovementLSViktorija Čmilytė-NielsenClassical liberalism 16 Freedom PartyLPAušrinė ArmonaitėLiberalism 17 Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families AllianceLLRA-KŠSWaldemar TomaszewskiPolish interestsSocial conservatism

Debates The Lithuanian public broadcaster LRT hosted six televised debate shows, organized together with the Central Electoral Commission (CEC). According to the CEC these were to be divided into two rounds of three debate shows. Each debate included five parties (or electoral lists), and was broadcast on TV and online starting at 9:00 PM. The moderators were LRT journalists Deividas Jursevičius, , and .

LRT TV debatesFirst round 23 September 24 September 25 September Social Democrats Green Party Farmers and Greens Union Union of Democrats Liberal MovementElectoral Action of Poles Freedom and Justice People's Party Homeland Union Dawn of NemunasCoalition of Peace National Alliance People and Justice Union Regions Party Freedom PartySecond round 7 October 8 October 9 October Coalition of Peace Electoral action of Poles People and Justice Union People's Party Freedom PartySocial Democrats Green Party Farmers and Greens Union Union of Democrats Liberal MovementNational Alliance Freedom and Justice Regions Party Homeland Union Dawn of Nemunas

Seven radio debates, hosted by LRT Radijas, were organized along similar lines. Each radio debate included representatives of two or three parties, and was broadcast on FM radio and the LRT website starting at 9:05 AM.

LRT Radijas debates 30 September 1 October 2 October 3 October Social Democrats Homeland Union Coalition of PeaceNational Alliance People's PartyUnion of Democrats Freedom PartyElectoral Action of Poles Dawn of Nemunas 4 October 7 October 8 OctoberFarmers and Greens Union Liberal MovementGreen Party Freedom and Justice People and Justice Union Regions Party

Four radio debates dedicated specifically to cultural issues were hosted by LRT Klasika starting at 11:05 AM. Representatives from three or four parties were invited to participate in each of these debates.

LRT Klasika debates 17 September 24 September 1 October 8 October Social Democrats Homeland Union Liberal Movement National AllianceElectoral Action of Poles Freedom and Justice People's Party