A redistribution of federal electoral districts ("ridings") began in Canada following the results of the 2021 Canadian census. The Constitution of Canada requires that federal electoral districts that compose the House of Commons undergo a redistribution of boundaries following each decennial Canadian census. The redistribution process began in October 2021; it was completed in October 2023. It is based on data obtained during the 2021 Canadian census. It is also based on the practice of giving each district only one member, which has been in effect since the 1968 election.

The changes to the federal electoral district boundaries took effect for the 2025 Canadian federal election, which was the first general election called after April 22, 2024. If the election had been called before this date, that election would have used the existing electoral district boundaries, which had been in effect since the 2015 federal election was called on August 4, 2015., reported in the Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 147, Extra, October 5, 2013

The redistribution formula for federal electoral districts is set out in Section 51 of the Constitution Act, 1867.The Constitution Act, 1867, 30 & 31 Victoria (U.K.), c. 3, https://canlii.ca/t/ldsw retrieved on March 14, 2019. The formula in Section 51 was amended to its current form in 2022 by the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act. Section 52 permits additional seats to be added to the House of Commons provided proportionate representation between the provinces is maintained.

Under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, to redistribute the electoral boundaries within each province, ten independent electoral boundary commissions will be established, one for each province. The commissions are composed of three members, one appointed by the chief justice of each province, and two members appointed by the speaker of the House of Commons. Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and Yukon do not require commissions as each territory is allotted only a single member in the House of Commons, resulting in the entirety of each territory being a single electoral district.

Allocation of seats Initial proposal The initial allocation of seats to the provinces and territories was based on rules in the Constitution of Canada established in 2012 by the Fair Representation Act, as well as estimates of the Canadian population on July 1, 2021, made by Statistics Canada. The chief electoral officer announced the allocation of seats on October 15, 2021.

+ Allocation of seats in the House of Commons under the Fair Representation Act Province or territory 2012 redistribution Initial 2022 seat allocation ChangeOntario 121 122 1 Quebec 78 77 1 British Columbia 42 43 1 Alberta 34 37 3 Manitoba 14 14 Saskatchewan 14 14 Nova Scotia 11 11 New Brunswick 10 10 Newfoundland and Labrador 7 7 Prince Edward Island 4 4 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nunavut 1 1 Yukon 1 1 Canada 338 342 4

Final apportionment

Notwithstanding the chief electoral officer's announcement, Parliament retained certain powers to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 and thus the redistricting process. Such a change occurred during the 2012 redistribution. Amendments affecting proportionate representation between the provinces, however, required support of seven provinces representing at least 50 percent of the population of Canada.

Several days after the chief electoral officer's announcement of the allocation, Quebec provincial minister of justice Sonia LeBel said that Quebec's "special status" as Canada's "only francophone province" meant that the province must not lose any seats. LeBel said the province represents one of the "founding peoples of Canada", saying that represents much more than "a simple calculation of population". In November 2021, both the Premier of Quebec François Legault and the opposition Bloc Québécois (BQ) also called for Quebec to maintain its current number of seats of 78.

The same month, The Toronto Star editorial board called for further seats to be added in Ontario, British Columbia and Alberta, to provide fair representation for voters in those provinces. It also said calls to institute a minimum threshold of seats for Quebec should be rejected. The Globe and Mail'''s editorial board also called on Parliament to add additional seats to ensure the principle of "one person, one vote" would be realized.

On February 8, 2022, BQ shadow minister Martin Champoux introduced a private member's bill entitled An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (representation in the House of Commons). The bill proposed that Quebec would be guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25% of the seats in the House. This had previously been a provision in the failed 1992 Charlottetown Accord. The bill was defeated at second reading on June 8, 2022, by a vote of 51 to 264, with the BQ and New Democratic Party (NDP) voting for the bill, and the Liberals and Conservatives voting against it.

On March 2, 2022, the House of Commons called for the rules for apportioning seats to be amended in a non-binding motion. The motion was introduced by the Bloc to avoid Quebec losing a seat in the House of Commons. Following the vote, the government announced it would reject any scenario where Quebec loses a seat and would be working on a way to ensure the existing number of Quebec seats would be maintained. Following the announcement, Conservative MP Michelle Rempel Garner said that the decision could contribute to western alienation and raised new questions about Canada's electoral system. She said Conservatives should consider advocating for the adoption of proportional representation.

On March 24, 2022, the government tabled legislation to prevent Quebec (or any other province) from losing any seats relative to the number of seats it was apportioned in 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution. Bill C-14 amended Rule 2 of subsection 51(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867, commonly known as the "grandfather clause". The Bill passed the House of Commons on June 15, 2022, passed the Senate on June 21, 2022, and received royal assent on June 23, 2022.

The chief electoral officer announced the new allocation of seats under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act'' on July 8, 2022.

+ Allocation of seats in the House of Commons under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act Province or territory 2012 redistribution 2022 seat allocation Average populationper electoral district ChangeOntario 121 122 116,590 1 Quebec 78 78 108,998 British Columbia 42 43 116,300 1 Alberta 34 37 115,206 3 Manitoba 14 14 95,868 Saskatchewan 14 14 80,893 Nova Scotia 11 11 88,126 New Brunswick 10 10 77,561 Newfoundland and Labrador 7 7 72,935 Prince Edward Island 4 4 38,583 Northwest Territories 1 1 41,070 Nunavut 1 1 36,858 Yukon 1 1 40,232 Canada 338 343 107,848 5

Transposed 2021 results

+ 2021 results transposed onto 2023 boundaries Party MPs 2021 actual result 2021 notional result Change 160 157 3 119 126 7 32 34 2 25 24 1 2 2 Total seats 338 343 5

Initial proposals Alberta On June 10, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Alberta released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:

Airdrie—Chestermere: new district, takes in the Airdrie area from Banff—Airdrie and the Chestermere area from Bow River Battle River—Crowfoot: expanded to take in the Alberta side of Lloydminster, Vegreville, portions of Beaver County and Minburn County from Lakeland; loses much of its area to Bow River Bow River: expanded to include the town of Bowden, village of Elnora, and portions of Red Deer County and Mountain View County from Red Deer—Mountain View: the M.D. of Acadia No. 34, Starland County, Special Area No. 2 and No. 3, portions of Stettler County from Battle River—Crowfoot; portions of Cypress County including CFB Suffield from Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner; portions of Lethbridge County from Lethbridge; Calgary Centre Calgary Confederation Calgary Crowchild: largely replaces Calgary Rocky Ridge Calgary Forest Lawn Calgary Heritage Calgary McKnight: new district, takes in the Calgary neighbourhoods of Sadle Ridge, Martindale, Taradale, Castleridge, Falconridge, Whitehorn and Temple from Calgary Skyview and the neighbourhoods of Coral Springs, Monterey Park, Rundle and Prineridge from Calgary Forest Lawn Calgary Midnapore Calgary Nose Hill Calgary Shepard Calgary Signal Hill Calgary Skyview Canmore—Cochrane—Olds: new district, takes in the Canmore and Cochrane areas from Banff—Airdrie plus the Olds area from Red Deer—Mountain View Edmonton Centre: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Boyle Street, McCauley; portions of the neighbourhoods of Cromdale and Alberta Avenue from Edmonton Griesbach Edmonton Gateway: new district, takes in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Tweddle Place, Richfield, Lee Ridge, Tipaskan, Kameyosek, Meyonohk, Ekota, Satoo and Menisa from Edmonton Mill Woods; the neighbourhoods of Steinhauer, Ermineskin, Keheewin, Bearspaw, Blackburn, Richford and the western half of Duggan from Edmonton Riverbend; and the neighbourhoods of Ellerslie, Summerside, the Orchards at Ellerslie, Rutherford, Blackbud Creek, Cavanagh, Callaghan and Allard from Edmonton—Wetaskiwin Edmonton Griesbach: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Ozerna, Mayliewan, Belle Rive, Eaux Claires, Beaumaris, Lorelei, Klarvatten, and Lago Lindo from Edmonton Manning; the neighbourhoods of Canossa, Chambéry, Elsinore, and Baturyn from St. Albert—Edmonton Edmonton Manning: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Bergman, Beacon Heights, Rundle Heights, and Abbottsfield from Edmonton Griesbach Edmonton Mill Woods: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhood of Charlesworth, a portion of Walker, and southeast rural areas to city limits from Edmonton—Wetaskiwin Edmonton Riverbend: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Glenridding Heights, Glenridding Ravine, Keswick, Hays Ridge, Graydon Hill, Paisley, Chappelle, Desrochers, and southwest rural areas to city limits from Edmonton—Wetaskiwin Edmonton Strathcona: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Rideau Park, Royal Gardens, Aspen Gardens, and a portion of Duggan from Edmonton Riverbend Edmonton West: expanded to take in the Edmonton neighbourhood of Windermere from Edmonton Riverbend; the neighbourhoods of Patricia Heights, Rio Terrace, Quesnell Heights, Lynnwood, Jasper Park, Sherwood, Parkview, and Laurier Heights from Edmonton Centre Edmonton Winterburn: new district, takes in the Edmonton neighbourhoods of Mayfield, Britannia Youngstown, Glenwood, Terra Losa, La Perle, Belmead, Secord, Rosenthal, Stewart Greens, Webber Greens, Suder Greens, Breckenridge Greens, Potter Greens and Westview Village from Edmonton West; the neighbourhoods of Hawkes Ridge, Trumpeter, Starling, Albany, Rapperswill, Carlton, Oxford, Dunluce, Cumberland, Hudson, Baranow, Caernarvon, Pembina and Carlisle from St. Albert—Edmonton; and the neighbourhoods of Wellington, Athlone, Calder and Kensington from Edmonton Griesbach Foothills: expanded to take in the Blood 148 and 148A reserves from Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner; the town of Vulcan and portions of Vulcan County from Bow River; and portions of Lethbridge County from Lethbridge Fort McMurray—Cold Lake Grande Prairie: largely replaces Grande Prairie—Mackenzie; loses Mackenzie County to Peace River—Westlock Lakeland: expanded to take in Fort Saskatchewan and portions of Strathcona County from Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan; the towns of Redwater, Gibbons, portions of Sturgeon County from Sturgeon River—Parkland Lethbridge: loses a large portion of Lethbridge County to Bow River and Foothills Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner: expanded to take in the town of Taber, village of Barnwell, and portions of the MD of Taber from Bow River