The Freedmen massacres were a series of attacks on African-Americans which occurred in the states of the former Confederacy during Reconstruction, in the aftermath of the American Civil War. Many of these incidents were the result of a struggle over political power, especially after the voting rights of freedmen were protected through the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Robert Smalls estimated that overall 53,000 African-American were killed in post-war racial terrorism, an estimate increasingly considered plausible by historians.

+ Anti-black violence during Reconstruction Incident Year Month State Countyor parish Notes Memphis massacre 1866 05 Tennessee Shelby New Orleans massacre 1866 07 Louisiana Orleans Camilla massacre 1868 09 Georgia Mitchell Opelousas massacre 1868 09 Louisiana Opelousas 1868 St. Bernard Parish Massacre 1868 10 Louisiana St. Bernard Millican massacre 1868 07 Texas Brazos Jackson County War 1869 n/a Florida Jackson Ongoing for almost two years Eutaw massacre 1870 Alabama Meridian race riot of 1871 1871 03 Mississippi Lauderdale Colfax massacre 1873 04 Louisiana Grant Election Massacre of 1874 1874 11 Alabama Barbour Coushatta massacre 1874 08 Louisiana Red River Vicksburg massacre 1874 12 Mississippi WarrenOngoing for almost one month Battle of Liberty Place 1874 09 Louisiana New Orleans Clinton Riot 1875 09 Mississippi Hinds Hamburg massacre 1876 07 South Carolina Aiken Ellenton massacre 1876 09 South Carolina Aiken

North Carolina "Four murders, 30 whippings, and 16 other horrible outrages" (1871, Alamance County)

See also Pulaski riot Kirk–Holden war Black suffrage in the United States Enforcement Acts Freedmen's Bureau

Red Shirts (United States) Lynching in the United States Reconstruction Amendments Nadir of American race relations Wilmington massacre (1898) Red Summer of 1919 Ocoee massacre (1920) Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (1964) Orangeburg massacre (1968) List of massacres in the United States Mass racial violence in the United States List of disasters in the United States by death toll

References