List of massacres of Turkish people

This is a list of massacres against Turks and Muslims in the Ottoman Empire.

List Name Date Present location Perpetrators Deaths NotesPersecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contractionFormer Ottoman territories and the Russian EmpireVarious Christian forces or nation states in the Caucasus, Crimea, Southeastern EuropeEstimated up to around 5 to 5.5 million: "The emerging Christian nation states justified the prosecution of their Muslims by arguing that they were their former 'suppressors'. The historical balance: between about 1820 and 1920, millions of Muslim casualties and refugees back to the remaining Ottoman Empire had to be registered; estimations speak about 5 million casualties and the same number of displaced persons": "Muslims had been the majority in Anatolia, the Crimea, the Balkans, and the Caucasus and a plurality in southern Russia and sections of Romania. Most of these lands were within or contiguous with the Ottoman Empire. By 1923, 'only Anatolia, eastern Thrace, and a section of the southeastern Caucasus remained to the Muslim land ... Millions of Muslims, most of them Turks, had died; millions more had fled to what is today Turkey. Between 1821 and 1922, more than five million Muslims were driven from their lands. Five and one-half million Muslims died, some of them killed in wars, others perishing as refugees from starvation and disease' (McCarthy 1995, 1). Since people in the Ottoman Empire were classified by religion, Turks, Albanians, Bosnians, and all other Muslim groups were recognized—and recognized themselves—simply as Muslims. Hence, their persecution and forced migration is of central importance to an analysis of 'Muslim migration.'": "Traumatic waves occurred in 1875–1878 and 1912–1923, but in all, between 1821 and 1922, 5.5 million Muslims died and 5 million became refugees in conflicts with Christian forces in the Balkans, Crimea and Caucasus."Death estimates include non-Turkish peopleMassacres of the Muslim population during the Russo-Turkish WarApril 1877–March 1878Balkans and CaucasusArmies of the Russian Coalition, mainly Russian Army250,000–600,000Library Information and Research Service. The Middle East, abstracts and index, Part 1 (1999), Northumberland Press, sf. 493, During that war nearly 400000 Rumelian Turks were massacred. About a million of them who fled before the invading Russian armies took refuge in the Thrace, lstanbul and Western AnatoliaDeath estimates include non-Turkish peopleDeportation of the Meskhetian Turks14–15 November 1944 Meskheti, GeorgiaNKVD12,589–50,000Buda massacreSeptember 1686 Buda, HungaryArmies of the Holy League +3,000Jewish Budapest: Memories, Rites, History, by Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, 1999, p.504-505Navarino massacreWilliam St. Clair, That Greece Might Still Be Free The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, Oxford University Press, London, 1972 p. 40 19 August 1821 Pylos, GreeceGreek revolutionaries3,000Tripolitsa massacre23 September 1821 Tripoli, GreeceGreek revolutionaries6,000–30,000Bouboulina Museum, Spetses Greece (Publisher: Greek Island Spetses; Accessed: 2007-04-18) .Cited by Hercules Millas, « History Textbooks in Greece and Turkey », History Workshop, n°31, 1991.Galați massacre20 February 1821 Galați, RomaniaGreek revolutionaries50–300Massacres of the Turkish population during the April UprisingApril–May 1876 Bulgaria Bulgarian revolutionaries200–1,000Jelavich, Barbara (1999) History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Nide 1, Cambridge University Press, pp.347Quataert, Donald. "The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 ", Cambridge University Press 2005, pp.69Harmanli massacre16–17 January 1878 Harmanli, BulgariaRussian Army2,000–5,000Kızanlık massacres1877–1878 Kazanlak, BulgariaRussian Army, Bulgarians1,751Lasithi massacres1897 Crete, GreeceChristian mobs850–1,000Sarakina massacreFebruary 1897 Crete, GreeceChristian mobs104 (61 children, 23 women and 20 men)Sitia massacreFebruary 1897 Sitia, Crete, GreeceChristian mob300Kissamos massacreFebruary 1897 Kissamos, Crete, GreeceChristian mob23Kirchova massacreAugust 1903 Kichevo, North MacedoniaBulgarian revolutionaries8Raionovo, Planitsa and Kukurtevo massacresAutumn 1912 Raionovo, Planitsa and Kukurtevo, MacedoniaBulgarian irregulars +700Cisr-i Mustafapaşa massacreOctober 1912 Svilengrad, BulgariaBulgarians200Edeköy massacre1912 Edeköy, Edirne, TurkeyGreeks1,659Serres massacre1912 Serres, GreeceBulgarians600Dedeagac massacre1912 Alexandroupolis, GreeceArmenians20Bulgarian school massacre1912 Chair quarter of Uskub, North MacedoniaSerbians18Ohrid massacre1912 Ohrid, North MacedoniaSerbians500Strumica massacre1912 Strumitsa, North MacedoniaGreeks3,000Petrovo massacre1912 PetrovoBulgarians"every living Turkish thing"Yaylacık massacre1912Yaylacık, close to SalonicaGreeks15Salonica massacre1912 SalonicaGreeks27Derin Çatak massacre1912 MalkaraBulgarians11Avrethisar villages massacre1912–1913 KilkisBulgarians451Pravishte massacres1912–1913 EleftheroupoliGreeks195Kaz massacreMarch 1913 Yukarı KılıçlıBulgarians43Karasatı massacreJune 1913 Karasatı, KeşanBulgarians and Greeks29Uzunköprü massacreJuly 1913 UzunköprüBulgarians42Habibçe massacreJuly 1913 LyubimetsBulgarians20Greek landing at Smyrna15 May 1919 İzmirHellenic Army and local Greeks400–600Stavros T. Stavridis : The Greek-Turkish War, 1918-23: an Australian press perspective, Gorgias Press, 2008, , page 117Yeşiloba massacre11 June 1920 Yeşiloba, AdanaFrench Armenian Legion64–200Menemen massacre17 June 1919 Menemen, İzmirHellenic Army and local Greeks200Massacre in Erbeyli20–21 June 1919 Erbeyli, AydınHellenic Army72Birecik massacre11–24 February 1920 Birecik, ŞanlıurfaFrench Army280Massacre in Marash1920 MarashFrench Army and French Armenian Legion4,500Massacre in Aintab1920–1921 AintabFrench Army and French Armenian Legion6,000–7,000Yalova Peninsula massacresSorrowful Shores, Ryan Gingeras, page 111-112, 20091920–1921 Armutlu PeninsulaHellenic Army, local Christians and Circassians5,500–9,100Bilecik massacreState-Nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Turkey: Benjamin C. Fortna, Stefanos Katsikas, Dimitris Kamouzis, Paraskevas Konortas, page 64, 2012March–April 1921 Bilecik, Sögüt, BozüyükHellenic Army and local Greeks208İzmit massacre.24 June 1921 İzmitHellenic Army300Sorrowful Shores, Ryan Gingeras, page 112, 2009Karatepe village massacre14 February 1922 Karatepe, KöşkHellenic Army385Uşak massacre1 September 1922 UşakHellenic Army and local Greeks200Alaşehir massacreMango, Atatürk, p. 343.3–4 September 1922 Alaşehir, ManisaHellenic Army3,000U.S. Vice-Consul James Loder Park to Secretary of State, Smyrna, 11 April 1923. US archives US767.68116/34Turgutlu massacre4–6 September 1922 Turgutlu, ManisaHellenic Army1,000Salihli massacre5 September 1922 Salihli, ManisaHellenic Army +76Manisa massacreU.S. Vice-Consul James Loder Park to Secretary of State, Smyrna, 11 April 1923. US archives US767.68116/34Consul Park concluded:"1. The destruction of the interior cities visited by our party was carried out by Greeks." "2. The percentages of buildings destroyed in each of the last four cities referred to were: Manisa 90 percent, Cassaba (Turgutlu) 90 percent, Alaşehir 70 percent, Salihli 65 percent." "3. The burning of these cities was not desultory, nor intermittent, nor accidental, but well planned and thoroughly organized." "4. There were many instances of physical violence, most of which was deliberate and wanton. Without complete figures, which were impossible to obtain, it may safely be surmised that 'atrocities' committed by retiring Greeks numbered well into thousands in the four cities under consideration. These consisted of all three of the usual type of such atrocities, namely murder, torture and rape." "Cassaba (present day Turgutlu) was a town of 40,000 souls, 3,000 of whom were non-Muslims. Of these 37,000 Turks only 6,000 could be accounted for among the living, while 1,000 Turks were known to have been shot or burned to death."6–7 September 1922 ManisaHellenic Army and local Christians4,355Suşiçe massacreApril 1941 SušicaKingdom of Bulgaria7Blatec executionsSeptember 1944 BlatecKingdom of Bulgaria15Istibanje-Teranci massacresOctober 1944 Istibanja and TeranciNazi Germany17Limassol massacre13 February 1963 Limassol, CyprusGreek Cypriots16Bloody Christmas21–31 December 1963 Nicosia, CyprusGreek Cypriots364 Massacre in Famagusta 11 May 1964 Famagusta, Cyprus Cypriot Police 10–17Massacre in Akrotiri and Dhekelia13 May 1964 Akrotiri and DhekeliaCypriot Police and local Cypriots11Massacre in Kofinou14–15 November 1967 Kofinou, CyprusGreek Cypriots26Country Studies: Cyprus - Intercommunal Violence Alaminos massacreDocuments Officiels, United Nations Security Council, p. 82: "Alaminos village has already been in the news because a massacre of 13 Turkish Cypriots was discovered there"20 July 1974 Alaminos, CyprusCypriot National Guard13–14Impact: International Fortnightly, Volumes 4-6: Fourteen Turkish Cypriots were murdered at the village of Alaminos on 20 July.Massacre of Turks alleged (St. Petersburg Times, 29 July 1974)Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre14 August 1974 Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda, CyprusEOKA B126List of Turkish Cypriot missing persons (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus) Retrieved on 18 July 2011. Tochni massacre 15 August 1974 Taşkent, Cyprus EOKA B 84 Fergana massacre 3–12 June 1989 Fergana valley, Uzbekistan Uzbek mobs 97Bulgarization of Turks in People's Republic of Bulgaria1984–1989 BulgariaBulgarian army300 to 1,500 (according to HRW)Çetinkaya massacre25 December 1991 Istanbul, TurkeyKurdistan Workers' Party12 Bingöl massacre 24 May 1993 Bingöl, Turkey Kurdistan Workers' Party 38 Başbağlar massacre 5 July 1993 Başbağlar, Turkey Kurdistan Workers' Party 33Yavi massacre25 October 1993 Erzurum, TurkeyKurdistan Workers' Party33Blue market massacre13 March 1999 Istanbul, TurkeyKurdistan Workers' Party13

See also List of massacres in Cyprus List of massacres in Turkey List of massacres of Azerbaijanis

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