Maximilien Villain de Gand (1569–1644) was a bishop of Tournai in the Habsburg Netherlands.
Life Villain was the son of Adam Villain de Gand, governor of Lille, Douai and Orchies, and Philippine de Jausse de Mastaing.Alfred Deboutte, "Villain de Gand (Maximilien)", Dictionnaire de Spiritualité, vol. 16, col. 769. He was ordained to the priesthood on 12 December 1587 and was appointed to a canonry in the cathedral chapter of Tournai. On 18 December 1614 his name was put forward to succeed Michel d'Esne as bishop. The nomination received papal confirmation on 1 December 1615 and Villain took possession of his see on 28 February 1616. He was consecrated as bishop in Tournai cathedral on 14 March.
In 1621 Villain preached a sermon in memory of the deceased Archduke Albert. On 12 September 1636 he gave a silver reliquary containing relics of St Maximilian to his cathedral church.Armand d'Herbomez, "Le fonds de l'Évêché de Tournai aux Archives du Royaume à Bruxelles", Bulletins de la Société Historique et Littéraire de Tournai, vol. 23 (1890), p. 309. He had earlier commissioned two paintings for the cathedral from Peter Paul Rubens, The Triumph of Judas Maccabeus and The Deliverance of Souls from Purgatory.Jean Dumoulin, Serge Le Bailly de Tilleghem, Jacques Pycke, D. Verloo and Albert Milet, Les tableaux de Pierre Paul Rubens à la cathédrale de Tournai (1993). He died in Tournai on 29 November 1644 and was buried in his cathedral.
Publications Manuale pastorum ad usum ecclesiarum civitatis et dioecesis Tornacensis (Tournai, Quinqué, 1625) Methodus sacrum Missae sacrificium celebrandi romano ritu (Tournai, Quinqué, 1627)
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