The Lamiales are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 24 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened. Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).

16 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Acanthaceae

Family: Acanthaceae, 66 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.

Genus Acanthodium: Genus Acanthopsis: Genus Acanthus: Genus Adhatoda: Genus Angkalanthus: Genus Anisotes: Genus Asteracantha: Genus Asystasia: Genus Aulojusticia: Genus Avicennia: Genus Barleria: Genus Blepharacanthus: Genus Blepharis: Genus Calophanes: Genus Chaetacanthus (synonym of Dyschoriste): Genus Chorisochora: Genus Crabbea: Genus Crossandra: Genus Dianthera: Genus Diapedium: Genus Dicliptera: Genus Dilivaria: Genus Dinteracanthus: Genus Dipteracanthus: Genus Duosperma: Genus Duvernoia: Genus Dyschoriste: Genus Ecbolium: Genus Ecteinanthus: Genus Elytraria: Genus Eranthemum: Genus Gendarussa: Genus Glossochilus: Genus Hemigraphis: Genus Hygrophila: Genus Hypoestes: Genus Isoglossa: Genus Justicia: Genus Lepidagathis: Genus Leptostachya: Genus Mackaya: Genus Macrorungia: Genus Megalochlamys: Genus Metarungia: Genus Monechma: Genus Neuracanthus: Genus Nomaphila: Genus Odontonema: Genus Peristrophe: Genus Petalidium: Genus Phaulopsis: Genus Pseuderanthemum: Genus Pseudobarleria: Genus Rhaphidospora: Genus Rhinacanthus: Genus Rhytiglossa: Genus Ruellia: Genus Ruelliopsis: Genus Rungia: Genus Ruspolia: Genus Ruttya: Genus Salpinctium: Genus Sclerochiton: Genus Siphonoglossa: Genus Thunbergia:

Bignoniaceae Family: Bignoniaceae,

Rhigozum Genus Rhigozum: Rhigozum brevispinosum Kuntze, indigenous Rhigozum obovatum Burch. indigenous Rhigozum trichotomum Burch. indigenous Rhigozum zambesiacum Baker, indigenous

Spathodea Genus Spathodea: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Tanaecium Genus Tanaecium: Tanaecium pinnatum (Jacq.) Willd. accepted as Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. subsp. africana

Tecoma Genus Tecoma: Tecoma africana (Lam.) G.Don, accepted as Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. accepted as Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach, indigenous Tecoma fulva (Cav.) D.Don subsp. garrocha (Hieron.) J.R.I.Wood, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth var. stans, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth var. velutina DC. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Tecomaria Genus Tecomaria: Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach, indigenous

Gesneriaceae Family: Gesneriaceae,

Streptocarpus Genus Streptocarpus: Streptocarpus actinoflorus T.J.Edwards & M.Hughes, endemic Streptocarpus aylae T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus baudertii L.L.Britten, endemic Streptocarpus bolusii C.B.Clarke, accepted as Streptocarpus pusillus Harv. ex C.B.Clarke, endemic Streptocarpus breviflos (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke, endemic Streptocarpus caeruleus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus candidus Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard, indigenous Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard subsp. confusus, indigenous Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard subsp. lebomboensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous Streptocarpus cooksonii B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus cooperi C.B.Clarke, endemic Streptocarpus cyaneus S.Moore, indigenous Streptocarpus cyaneus S.Moore subsp. cyaneus, indigenous Streptocarpus cyaneus S.Moore subsp. longi-tommii Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus cyaneus S.Moore subsp. nigridens Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus cyaneus S.Moore subsp. polackii (B.L.Burtt) Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus daviesii N.E.Br. ex C.B.Clarke, indigenous Streptocarpus decipiens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus denticulatus Turrill, endemic Streptocarpus dunnii Hook.f. indigenous Streptocarpus fanniniae Harv. ex C.B.Clarke, endemic Streptocarpus fasciatus T.J.Edwards & Kunhardt, endemic Streptocarpus fenestra-dei Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus floribundus Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus formosus (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus galpinii Hook.f. indigenous Streptocarpus gardenii Hook. endemic Streptocarpus grandis N.E.Br. indigenous Streptocarpus grandis N.E.Br. subsp. grandis, endemic Streptocarpus haygarthii N.E.Br. ex C.B.Clarke, endemic Streptocarpus hilburtianus T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus johannis L.L.Britten, endemic Streptocarpus kentaniensis L.L.Britten & Story, endemic Streptocarpus kunhardtii T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus latens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus lilliputana Bellstedt & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus longiflorus (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus makabengensis Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus meyeri B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus micranthus C.B.Clarke, indigenous Streptocarpus modestus L.L.Britten, endemic Streptocarpus molweniensis Hilliard, indigenous Streptocarpus molweniensis Hilliard subsp. eshowicus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus molweniensis Hilliard subsp. molweniensis, endemic Streptocarpus montigena L.L.Britten, endemic Streptocarpus occultis Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus parviflorus Hook.f. indigenous Streptocarpus parviflorus Hook.f. subsp. parviflorus, endemic Streptocarpus parviflorus Hook.f. subsp. soutpansbergensis Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus pentherianus Fritsch, indigenous Streptocarpus pogonites Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic Streptocarpus pole-evansii I.Verd. endemic Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. indigenous Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. subsp. comptonii (Mansf.) Hilliard, indigenous Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. subsp. dracomontanus Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. subsp. polyanthus, endemic Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. subsp. verecundus Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus porphyrostachys Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus primulifolius Gand. endemic Streptocarpus primulifolius Gand. subsp. formosus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, accepted as Streptocarpus formosus (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus prolixus C.B.Clarke, endemic Streptocarpus pusillus Harv. ex C.B.Clarke, indigenous Streptocarpus rexii (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl. endemic Streptocarpus rimicola Story, endemic Streptocarpus roseo-albus Weigend & T.J.Edwards, endemic Streptocarpus saundersii Hook. endemic Streptocarpus silvaticus Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus trabeculatus Hilliard, endemic Streptocarpus vandeleurii Baker f. & S.Moore, endemic Streptocarpus wendlandii Spreng. endemic Streptocarpus wilmsii Engl. indigenous

Lamiaceae

Family: Lamiaceae, 49 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.

Genus Acrocephalus: Genus Acrotome: Genus Aeollanthus: Genus Ajuga: Genus Ballota: Genus Basilicum: Genus Becium: Genus Cantinoa: Genus Cedronella: Genus Clerodendrum: Genus Cyclonema: Genus Endostemon: Genus Geniosporum: Genus Hemizygia: Genus Hoslundia: Genus Isodon: Genus Kalaharia: Genus Karomia: Genus Killickia: Genus Lamium: Genus Lasiocorys: Genus Leonotis: Genus Leucas: Genus Marrubium: Genus Mentha: Genus Mesosphaerum: Genus Ocimum: Genus Orthosiphon: Genus Platostoma: Genus Plectranthus: Genus Premna: Genus Prunella: Genus Pycnostachys: Genus Rabdosiella: Genus Rotheca: Genus Salvia: Genus Satureja: Genus Scutellaria: Genus Siphonanthus: Genus Solenostemon: Genus Spironema: Genus Stachys: Genus Syncolostemon: Genus Tetradenia: Genus Teucrium: Genus Thorncroftia: Genus Tinnea: Genus Vitex: Genus Volkameria:

Lentibulariaceae Family: Lentibulariaceae,

Genlisea Genus Genlisea: Genlisea hispidula Stapf, indigenous

Utricularia Genus Utricularia: Utricularia arenaria A.DC. indigenous Utricularia australis R.Br. indigenous Utricularia benjaminiana Oliv. indigenous Utricularia bisquamata Schrank, indigenous Utricularia brachyceras Schltr. accepted as Utricularia bisquamata Schrank, indigenous Utricularia cymbantha Oliv. indigenous Utricularia firmula Welw. ex Oliv. indigenous Utricularia foliosa L. indigenous Utricularia gibba L. indigenous Utricularia inflexa Forssk. indigenous Utricularia livida E.Mey. indigenous Utricularia prehensilis E.Mey. indigenous Utricularia reflexa Oliv. indigenous Utricularia sandersonii Oliv. endemic Utricularia scandens Benj. indigenous Utricularia stellaris L.f., indigenous Utricularia subulata L. indigenous Utricularia welwitschii Oliv. indigenous

Linderniaceae Family: Linderniaceae,

Bonnaya Genus Bonnaya: Bonnaya parviflora (Roxb.) Benth. accepted as Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines, indigenous

Craterostigma Genus Craterostigma: Craterostigma monroi S.Moore, accepted as Lindernia monroi (S.Moore) Eb.Fisch. indigenous Craterostigma nanum (Benth.) Engl. accepted as Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. present Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. indigenous Craterostigma wilmsii Engl. ex Diels, endemic

Crepidorhopalon Genus Crepidorhopalon: Crepidorhopalon debilis (Skan) Eb.Fisch. indigenous Crepidorhopalon spicatus (Engl.) Eb.Fisch. indigenous

Ilysanthes Genus Ilysanthes: Ilysanthes bolusii Hiern, accepted as Linderniella bolusii (Hiern) Eb.Fisch. Schaferh. & Kai Mull. indigenous Ilysanthes capensis (Thunb.) Benth. accepted as Lindernia capensis Thunb. indigenous Ilysanthes conferta Hiern, accepted as Lindernia conferta (Hiern) Philcox, indigenous Ilysanthes muddii Hiern, accepted as Linderniella wilmsii (Engl. ex Diels) Eb.Fisch. Schaferh. & Kai Mull. indigenous Ilysanthes nana Engl. accepted as Linderniella nana (Engl.) Eb.Fisch. Schaferh. & Kai Mull. indigenous Ilysanthes parviflora (Roxb.) Benth. accepted as Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines, indigenous Ilysanthes pulchella Skan, accepted as Linderniella pulchella (Skan) Eb.Fisch. Schaferh. & Kai Mull. indigenous Ilysanthes schlechteri Hiern, accepted as Linderniella nana (Engl.) Eb.Fisch. Schaferh. & Kai Mull. indigenous Ilysanthes wilmsii Engl. ex Diels, accepted as Linderniella wilmsii (Engl. ex Diels) Eb.Fisch. Schaferh. & Kai Mull. indigenous

Lindernia Genus Lindernia: