September 1, 1905 (Friday) The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were established, from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories."New Canadian Provinces: Saskatchewan and Alberta", The Manchester Guardian, September 1, 1905, p. 6"Alberta Declared a Province and Lieutenant Governor Bulyea Sworn in 'mid Great Applause", Calgary Daily Herald, September 1, 1905, p. 1 At the peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the representatives of Russia and Japan agreed to a ceasefire to become operative immediately upon signing of a peace treaty.The American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1905) pp. 410-413 The British Imperial Army Council announced that it would provide free fortifications to the Dominion of Canada to protect the province of Nova Scotia, and that supplies, ammunition and small arms would be provided at cost. Navy Secretary Bonaparte announced that he would court-martial the commander of the USS Bennington and an ensign for charges arising from the deadly boiler explosion. Born: Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, Prime Minister of Cambodia in 1962; in Tri Tôn, French Indochina (now in Vietnam) (d. 2009) Father Chrysanthus (Wilhelmus Janssen), Dutch Roman Catholic priest who became an expert on spiders; in Mill, North Brabant (d. 1972) The species Neoscona chrysanthusi and Nasoona chrysanthusi were named in his honor. Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican U.S. dancer and mother of Sammy Davis Jr.; in San Juan, Puerto Rico (d. 2000)
September 2, 1905 (Saturday) A powerful gale on Lake Superior in North America sank several ships, killing at least 35 people including the 19 crew of the steamer Iosco and the ship Olive Jeanette."Crew of Nineteen Lost— Steamer Ioscoff Added to List of Wrecks in Lake Storm", Washington Post, September 6, 1905, p.1 France sent an ultimatum to the Sultan of Morocco demanding an apology and indemnity for the August 22 arrest of a French Algerian merchant.
September 3, 1905 (Sunday) At least 30 people were killed by a terrorist bomb in Barcelona while watching a parade of Spanish Marine Infantry."Victims of Bomb— Thirty to Sixty Killed and Injured in Barcelona", Washington Post, September 4, 1905, p.1 Los Angeles was struck by a major earthquake, but without significant damage. Born: Carl David Anderson, American physicist, 1936 Nobel Prize laureate for his discovery of the positron, later the discoverer of the muon; in New York City (d. 1991)
September 4, 1905 (Monday) A cause of action began that would lead to the landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision of Muller v. Oregon when Mrs. Elmer Gotcher, an employee of the Grand Laundry in Portland, Oregon (owned by Curt Muller), was told by foreman Joe Haselbock that she would have to continue working beyond the 10-hour shift that she had spent already. Mrs. Gotcher complained, and Muller was charged with a violation of a 1903 Oregon law that set a maximum work day of 10 hours for female employees of factories and laundries, though the law did not apply to male employees. The Supreme Court ruling set would a precedent that laws that applied separately by gender were not violative of Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution."Muller v. Oregon", by Melvin I. Urofsky, in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (Oxford University Press, 2005) p. 655 Amédée E. Forget was sworn in as the first Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan, answering to the Governor-General of Canada (there being no office of "Governor") and was tasked with choosing an acting Premier of Saskatchewan until elections could be held. Forget would select Thomas Walter Scott to the position.Gordon Barnhart, ed., Saskatchewan Premiers of the Twentieth Century (University of Regina Press, 2004) pp. xiii-xiv
September 5, 1905 (Tuesday) The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed by representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire to end the Russo-Japanese War, following mediation by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In return for peace, Russia ceded half of the island of Sakhalin to Japan, together with its seaport and railway rights in Manchuria."Treaty Is Signed— Guns and Bells Proclaimed News at Portsmouth", Washington Post, September 6, 1905, p.1 The Zemstvo Congress at Moscow voted to take an active part in elections for the proposed Duma. Born: Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-born novelist and social philosopher; in Budapest (d. 1983) Died: Touch the Clouds (Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagya), 67, Chief of the Miniconjou Lakota Indians of South Dakota; Hezekiah Butterworth, 65, American author and poet
September 6, 1905 (Wednesday) The patent application for the cotton candy machine was filed by Albert D. Robinson of Lynn, Massachusetts submitted his patent for "Controlling an Electric Candy-Spinning Machine", making the creation of cotton candy (also called "candy floss") safe and practical, with a design that would be used more than a century later. Robinson would be granted U.S. Patent No. 856,424 on June 11, 1907."U.S. Patent No. 856,424", Google Patents The University of Kansas School of Medicine began its first classes, opening at a campus in Kansas City, Kansas after the merger of an existing two-year program at the main campus at Lawrence with three medical colleges in Kansas City. Born: Walther Müller, German-born U.S. physicist, creator of the Geiger-Müller tube; in Hanover (d. 1979) Died: Thomas Menees, 82, American physician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War, later the dean of the Vanderbilt University college of medicine
September 7, 1905 (Thursday) The first "bird strike" in aviation history took place as Orville Wright was piloting the Wright Flyer over a cornfield near Dayton Ohio and his airplane struck a red-winged blackbird. Wright was able to land the plane safely.Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Bird Strike in Aviation: Statistics, Analysis and Management (Wiley, 2019) p. 120 Died: Cardinal Raffaele Pierotti, 69, papal theologian for Pope Leo XIII of the Roman Catholic Church
September 8, 1905 (Friday) The 7.2 magnitude Calabria earthquake, rated extreme on the Mercalli intensity scale level XI, struck southern Italy and killed at least 557 people, and perhaps as many as 2,500. The quake destroyed 18 villages outside of the city of Calabria as well as causing hundreds of deaths in Calabria itself."Die in Earthquake— Hundreds of Lives Are Lost in Southern Italy", Washington Post, September 9, 1905, p.1 Born: Eino Tainio, Finnish politician (d. 1970). Died: Henry Slade, 80, American illusionist who claimed to be a spiritualist medium who could talk to the dead "Henry Slade Dead— The noted Spiritualistic Medium Dies in a Michigan Sanitorium, Aged 80", New York Sun, September 10, 1905, p. 6
September 9, 1905 (Saturday) Denmark-born Oscar Nelson, better known as "Battling Nelson", won the world lightweight boxing championship in a 45-round fight against titleholder Jimmy Britt, held at the Mission Street Arena in the San Francisco suburb of Colma."Britt Knocked Out— Nelson Won Championship in Eighteenth Round", Washington Post, September 10, 1905, p.S-1 Nelson, who had lost to Britt on December 20, 1904, knocked Britt out in the 18th round to win a purse of $18,841. Films of the fight were made by the Miles Brothers Company, and the event was replayed to paying viewers at movie theaters across North America.Colleen Aycock and Mark Scott, Tex Rickard: Boxing's Greatest Promoter (McFarland, 2014) p.51 A gunpowder explosion killed 19 employees of the Rand Powder Mills in Fairchance, Pennsylvania, and seriously injured nine others."Death List Nineteen— Powder Works Entirely Wiped Out by an Explosion", Washington Post, September 10, 1905, p.1
September 10, 1905 (Sunday) An arsenal explosion killed 251 officers and sailors on the Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Mikasa, the flagship of Admiral Togo.John Jordan, Warship 2019 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019) Tsar Nicholas II issued a ukase placing the government of universities in the hands of the professors. Crystal Palace F.C. was founded in London. Born: Ibrahim Biçakçiu, Prime Minister of Albania in 1943 and 1944; in Elbasan, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire (d. 1977)
September 11, 1905 (Monday) Twelve passengers on an elevated rail car in New York City were killed, and more than 40 injured, when the train car fell to the street because of the wrong setting of a switch on the tracks. The execution of a Polish Socialist leader led to a general strike in Warsaw in the Russian-controlled Congress Poland Emperor Franz Josef of Austria-Hungary rejected the Hungarian Assembly's proposal for women suffrage.
September 12, 1905 (Tuesday) The railway bridge over the Zambezi River was formally opened in southern Africa, reducing the travel time for trains on the Capetown to Cairo Railway. Born: Ali Amini, Prime Minister of Iran 1961–1962; in Tehran (d. 1992) Linda Agostini, English-born Australian murder victim; in Forest Hill, London (killed 1934)
September 13, 1905 (Wednesday) In Helsinki, at the time part of the Russian-ruled Grand Duchy of Finland, Imperial Army troops with bayonets forcibly broke up the meeting of 800 delegates who had gathered from towns across the Duchy to discuss independence."Troops Disperse Finns— Eight Hundred Delegates Unable to Hold a Meeting", New York Tribune, September 14, 1905, p. 2 Died: René Goblet, 76, Prime Minister of France 1886 to 1887
September 14, 1905 (Thursday) After a meeting of Finnish representatives at Helsingfors, threats were made to kill the Russian Governor-General of Finland. The Prime Minister of Hungary and his cabinet of ministers resigned. Died: Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, 53, Italian-born French explorer for whom the Republic of Congo's capital, Brazzaville, was named, died of a tropical illness contracted during his Mission Extraordinaire
September 15, 1905 (Friday) As part of the armistice in the Russo-Japanese War, Japan's Marshal Oyama and Russia's General Linevich agreed to set up a demilitarized zone wide between the positions of the two armies.
September 16, 1905 (Saturday) A joint announcement was made at Karlstad by the commissioners of Sweden and Norway to assure citizens in the Union that there would be no war between the two countries after separation.
September 17, 1905 (Sunday) Several ministers of the Korean Empire agreed to allow Japan to control its foreign relations, with the Japanese Foreign Office having an official in Seoul.David I. Steinberg, The Republic Of Korea: Economic Transformation And Social Change (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
The earliest recorded use of the name "All Blacks" for the New Zealand national rugby union team came the day after New Zealand's touring team defeated Devon, 55 to 4, at the opening match of the tour in Exeter. A reporter for the Exeter newspaper Express & Echo wrote that the name referred to the team's all black uniforms, commenting that "The All Blacks, as they are styled by reason of their sable and unrelieved costume, were under the guidance of their captain (Mr Gallaher), and their fine physique favorably impressed the spectators." Born: Hans Freudenthal, German-born Dutch mathematician known for constructing Lincos, a proposed language for logical communication with extraterrestrial intelligence and for the Freudenthal spectral theorem; in Luckenwalde, Prussia (d. 1990)
September 18, 1905 (Monday) Arsenio Cruz Herrera, the first Mayor of Manila, resigned his post after repeated disagreements with the U.S. Governor-General, Luke Wright. Cruz had served more than four years, starting when the position was created in 1901 to provide for Filipino governance of the capital of the Philippine Islands. He was succeeded by Felix Roxas.Cristina Evangelista Torres, The Americanization of Manila, 1898-1921 (University of the Philippines Press, 2010) p.53 Born: Greta Garbo, Swedish film actress (stage name for Greta Lovisa Gustafsson); in Stockholm (d. 1990)