During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 102 systems formed with 78 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of . The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.

Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

Summary

Systems All storm information in this article is based on the tropical cyclone season articles on Wikipedia.

January

January was the least active in terms of tropical cyclogenesis and named storms, with only three cyclones forming, two being named. Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in Rodrigues. + Tropical cyclones formed in January 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsAlison8–18 January110 (70)966NoneNoneNoneBella18 January–4 February155 (100)936RodriguesNoneNone

February

+ Tropical cyclones formed in February 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsChris15–21 February110 (70)976Western AustraliaNoneNoneCynthia16–19 February125 (75)970Madagascar36Daphne21–28 February110 (70)976Northern AustraliaKelvin21 February–5 March110 (70)980NoneNoneNoneDebra22 February–4 March115 (70)966MozambiqueNoneNoneElma26 February–5 March105 (65)965NoneNoneNone

March

+ Tropical cyclones formed in March 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths Refs15P3–7 March55 (35)1000Solomon IslandsNoneNoneSharon (Auring)5–16 March95 (60)985Caroline Islands, PhilippinesNoneNone16P15–21 March55 (35)1000NoneNoneNoneTim20–27 March120 (75)970Philippines, JapanNoneNoneFatima21 March–1 April135 (85)954NoneNoneNoneErrol23–31 April175 (110)950NoneNone21G130 March–3 April55 (35)998Madagascar16

April

+ Tropical cyclones formed in April 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsMarian9–19 April185 (115)note 930NoneNoneNoneUnnamed10–14 April65 (40)UnknownNoneNoneNoneFifi14–21 April110 (70)975Western Australia29BOB 0122–30 April240 (150)920India, Bangladesh$1.5 billion138,866Vanessa (Bebeng)23–28 April85 (50)994Philippines, Vietnam, ChinaNoneNone

May

+ Tropical cyclones formed in May 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsWalt (Karing)5–16 May185 (115)915Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu IslandsNoneNoneLisa7–11 May110 (70)975Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, VanuatuNoneNone Andres16–20 May100 (65)994NoneNoneNoneTD20 May1010NoneNoneNoneBOB 0230 May–5 June85 (55)990India, BangladeshNoneNone

June + Tropical cyclones formed in June 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsYunya12–17 June150 (90)950Philippines, TaiwanUnknown326Blanca14–22 June100 (65)994NoneNoneNoneCarlos16–27 June195 (120)955NoneNoneNoneDelores22–28 June140 (85)979NoneNoneNoneFive-E28–30 June55 (35)1006MexicoNoneNone

July + Tropical cyclones formed in July 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsAna2–5 July85 (50)1000Florida, Bahamas, South CarolinaMinimalNoneTwo5–7 July55 (35)1007MexicoMinimalNoneZeke9–15 July120 (75)970Philippines, Hong Kong, southern China$960 million33Amy14–20 July230 (145)930Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China$4.87 billion136Enrique15 July–1 August120 (75)987NoneNoneNoneBrendan19–25 July140 (85)980Philippines, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, China$253 million34Caitlin21–30 July175 (110)940Philippines, Japan, South Korea$81.3 million26BOB 0327–31 July55 (35)984IndiaUnknownUnknownFefa29 July–8 August195 (120)959Hawaiian IslandsMinimalNone

August + Tropical cyclones formed in August 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsGuillermo4–10 August130 (80)983NoneNoneNoneDoug7–10 August65 (40)1000NoneNoneNoneHilda8–14 August65 (40)992NoneNoneNoneEllie10–19 August130 (80)960Taiwan, ChinaUnknownUnknownFred11–18 August140 (85)960Philippines, China, Vietnam, LaosUnknown513W11–13 August45 (30)1002NoneNoneNoneGladys15–24 August120 (75)965Japan, South Korea$253 million113Bob16–20 August185 (115)950North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula$1.47 billion17BOB 0421–26 August45 (30)992IndiaUnknownUnknownFour24–26 August55 (35)1007None NoneNone15W26–30 August65 (40)992Japan, South KoreaUnknownUnknownFive28–31 August55 (35)1007None NoneNoneHarry28–31 August75 (45)992JapanUnknownUnknown

September + Tropical cyclones formed in September 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsIvy2–10 September175 (110)935JapanUnknown1Joel3–8 September85 (50)985ChinaUnknown5Claudette4–12 September215 (130)944NoneNoneNoneDanny7–11 September85 (50)998NoneNoneNoneErika8–12 September95 (60)997NoneNoneNone01S10–13 September85 (50)UnknownNoneNoneNoneTen-E12–14 September55 (35)1005MexicoMinimalNoneMireille13 September–4 October240 (150)910Saipan, South Korea, Japan, Alaska$10 billion68Luke14-19 September100 (65)980Japan$179 million12Nat14 September–3 October150 (90)950Philippines, Taiwan, China$16.7 million2Ignacio16–19 September100 (65)994MexicoMinimal2Jimena20 September–2 October215 (130)945NoneNoneNoneBOB 0521–22 September45 (30)1000IndiaUnknownUnknownKevin25 September–12 October230 (145)935MexicoUnknownUnknown

October

+ Tropical cyclones formed in October 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsOrchidOctober 3–14 175 (110) 930 Guam, Japan $15.8 million 3 Pat October 4–13 150 (90) 925 Mariana Islands None NoneMarty October 7–18130 (80) 979 Southwestern Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California Peninsula None NoneBOB 06October 12–1445 (30)998Bangladesh, IndiaUnknownUnknownA2October 14–2250 (30)997MadagascarNoneNoneFabianOctober 15–1675 (45)1002 Cuba, FloridaMinimal NoneRuth October 19–31 215 (130) 895 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Philippines $151 million 82TenOctober 24–2545 (30)1009NoneNoneNoneGraceOctober 25–29165 (105)980BermudaNoneNoneBOB 07October 28–3045 (30)998IndiaUnknownUnknownUnnamedOctober 31–November 2120 (75)980East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada$200 million 13

November + Tropical cyclones formed in November 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsSeth1–15 November185 (115)925PhilippinesUnknownUnknownThelma1–8 November75 (45)991Philippines, Vietnam$27.7 million5,081Verne5–12 November100 (65)980NoneNoneNoneNora7–12 November165 (105)970NoneNoneNoneBOB 089–16 November85 (50)998IndiaUnknown40+Tia13–21 November140 (85)960Kiribati, Solomon Islands, VanuatuUnknownNoneWilda14–20 November85 (50)992PhilippinesUnknownUnknownYuri17 November–3 December280 (175)885Pohnpei, Guam$36 millionNoneA421–29 November70 (45)991NoneNoneNoneZelda27 November–7 December150 (90)975Marshall Islands, Alaska, CanadaUnknownNone

December + Tropical cyclones formed in December 1991 Storm name Dates active Max windkm/h (mph) Pressure(hPa) Areas affected Damage(USD) Deaths RefsGraham2–12 December205 (125)915Cocos IslandUnknownUnknownWasa-Arthur3–18 December195 (120)938French Polynesia$60 million2Val4–17 December230 (145)916Tuvalu, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands, Cook Islands, Tonga$381 million17Alexandra18–29 December105 (65)972MauritiusUnknownUnknownBryna25 December–10 January70 (45)988MadagascarUnknownUnknown

Global effects There are a total of seven tropical cyclone basins that tropical cyclones typically form in. In this table, data from all these basins are added. Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Hurricane-forcetropical cyclones Damage(1991 USD) Deaths Ref(s)Northern Hemisphere North Atlantic OceanEast Coast of the United States, Greater Antilles, Bermudas, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula1284$1.68 billion 30Eastern and Central Pacific OceanCentral America, Southwestern Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California Peninsula, Northwestern Mexico, Hawaiian Islands16141024Western Pacific OceanMarshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, Philippines, Taiwan, China, Ryukyu Islands, Korean Peninsula, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Aleutian Islands383020$17.45 billion 5,964North Indian OceanSouth Asia, Northeastern India831$1.7 billion138,906Southern Hemisphere South-West Indian OceanJanuary – JuneRéunion, Madagascar, Mozambique, Juan de Nova Island, Rodrigues, Mauritius, Europa Island87588July – DecemberMadagascar641 Australian regionJanuary – JuneAustralia, Papua New Guinea97321July – December111 South Pacific OceanJanuary – JuneJuly – DecemberKiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands, Cook Islands, Tonga, French Polynesia333$441 million19 South Atlantic OceanAngola11Worldwide(See above) $21.24 billion 145,052

See also

Tropical cyclones by year List of earthquakes in 1991 Tornadoes of 1991

Notes

References

External links

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S Papua New Guinea National Weather Service – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S