The 57th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1901, to March 4, 1903, during the final six months of William McKinley's presidency, and the first year and a half of the first administration of his successor, Theodore Roosevelt. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
September 6, 1901: Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York September 14, 1901: President William McKinley died. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States October 16, 1901: President Roosevelt invited African American leader Booker T. Washington to the White House. The American South reacted angrily to the visit, and racial violence increased in the region. December 3, 1901: President Roosevelt delivered a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives, asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits." February 22, 1902: Senators Benjamin Tillman and John L. McLaurin, both of South Carolina, have a fist fight while Congress is in session. Both Tillman and McLaurin were later censured by the Senate on February 28. June 2, 1902: The Anthracite Coal Strike by the United Mine Workers began, continuing until October 21, 1902. July 4, 1902: The Philippine–American War ended.
Major legislation
June 17, 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act June 28, 1902: Spooner Act (Panama Canal), Sess. 1, ch. 1302, January 21, 1903: Militia Act of 1903 (Dick Act), February 11, 1903: Expediting Act, Sess. 2, ch. 544, February 19, 1903: Elkins Act March 3, 1903: Immigration Act of 1903, including §39, the Anarchist Exclusion Act
Party summary
Senate
Note: Fred T. Dubois (Idaho) was elected as a Silver Republican, but changed parties to Democratic after this Congress began.
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate leadership
Presiding President: Theodore Roosevelt (R), until September 14, 1901; vacant thereafter. President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R) Democratic Caucus Chairman: James K. Jones Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison
House leadership
Presiding Speaker: David B. Henderson (R) Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Hay Republican Conference Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Babcock
Majority (Republican) leadership Majority Leader: Sereno E. Payne Majority Whip: James A. Tawney
Minority (Democratic) leadership Minority Leader: James D. Richardson Minority Whip: James T. Lloyd
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
At this time, senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, precede the names in the list below. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1904; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1906; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1902.
Alabama 2. John T. Morgan (D) 3. Edmund Pettus (D)
Arkansas 2. James H. Berry (D) 3. James K. Jones (D)
California 1. Thomas R. Bard (R) 3. George C. Perkins (R)
Colorado 2. Thomas M. Patterson (D) 3. Henry M. Teller (SR)
Connecticut 1. Joseph R. Hawley (R) 3. Orville H. Platt (R)
Delaware 1. L. Heisler Ball (R), from March 2, 1903 2. J. Frank Allee (R), from March 2, 1903
Florida 1. James P. Taliaferro (D) 3. Stephen Mallory (D)
Georgia 2. Augustus O. Bacon (D) 3. Alexander S. Clay (D)
Idaho 2. Fred T. Dubois (D) 3. Henry Heitfeld (P)
Illinois 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R) 3. William E. Mason (R)
Indiana 1. Albert J. Beveridge (R) 3. Charles W. Fairbanks (R)
Iowa 2. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) 3. William B. Allison (R)
Kansas 2. Joseph R. Burton (R) 3. William A. Harris (P)
Kentucky 2. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D) 3. William J. Deboe (R)
Louisiana 2. Murphy J. Foster (D) 3. Samuel D. McEnery (D)
Maine 1. Eugene Hale (R) 2. William P. Frye (R)
Maryland 1. Louis E. McComas (R) 3. George L. Wellington (R)
Massachusetts 1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) 2. George F. Hoar (R)
Michigan 1. Julius C. Burrows (R) 2. James McMillan (R), until August 10, 1902 Russell A. Alger (R), from September 27, 1902
Minnesota 1. Moses E. Clapp (R) 2. Knute Nelson (R)
Mississippi 1. Hernando D. Money (D) 2. Anselm J. McLaurin (D)
Missouri 1. Francis Cockrell (D) 3. George G. Vest (D)
Montana 1. Paris Gibson (D), from March 7, 1901 2. William A. Clark (D)
Nebraska 1. William V. Allen (P), until March 28, 1901 Charles H. Dietrich (R), from March 28, 1901 2. Joseph H. Millard (R), from March 28, 1901
Nevada 1. William M. Stewart (R) 3. John P. Jones (R)
New Hampshire 2. Henry E. Burnham (R) 3. Jacob H. Gallinger (R)
New Jersey 1. John Kean Jr. (R) 2. William J. Sewell (R), until December 27, 1901 John F. Dryden (R), from January 29, 1902
New York 1. Chauncey M. Depew (R) 3. Thomas C. Platt (R)
North Carolina 2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D) 3. Jeter C. Pritchard (R)
North Dakota 1. Porter J. McCumber (R) 3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R)
Ohio 1. Marcus A. Hanna (R) 3. Joseph B. Foraker (R)
Oregon 2. John H. Mitchell (R) 3. Joseph Simon (R)
Pennsylvania 1. Matthew S. Quay (R) 3. Boies Penrose (R)
Rhode Island 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) 2. George P. Wetmore (R)
South Carolina 2. Benjamin R. Tillman (D) 3. John L. McLaurin (D)
South Dakota 2. Robert J. Gamble (R) 3. James H. Kyle (R), until July 1, 1901 Alfred B. Kittredge (R), from July 11, 1901
Tennessee 1. William B. Bate (D) 2. Edward W. Carmack (D)
Texas 1. Charles A. Culberson (D) 2. Joseph W. Bailey (D)
Utah 1. Thomas Kearns (R) 3. Joseph L. Rawlins (D)
Vermont 1. Redfield Proctor (R) 3. William P. Dillingham (R)
Virginia 1. John W. Daniel (D) 2. Thomas S. Martin (D)
Washington 1. Addison G. Foster (R) 3. George Turner (SR)
West Virginia 1. Nathan B. Scott (R) 2. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
Wisconsin 1. Joseph V. Quarles (R) 3. John C. Spooner (R)
Wyoming 1. Clarence D. Clark (R) 2. Francis E. Warren (R)
House of Representatives
Alabama . George W. Taylor (D) . Ariosto A. Wiley (D) . Henry D. Clayton (D) . Sydney J. Bowie (D) . Charles Winston Thompson (D) . John H. Bankhead (D) . John L. Burnett (D) . William N. Richardson (D) . Oscar Underwood (D)
Arkansas . Philip D. McCulloch Jr. (D) . John S. Little (D) . Thomas C. McRae (D) . Charles C. Reid (D) . Hugh A. Dinsmore (D) . Stephen Brundidge Jr. (D)
California . Frank Coombs (R) . Samuel D. Woods (R) . Victor H. Metcalf (R) . Julius Kahn (R) . Eugene F. Loud (R) . James McLachlan (R) . James C. Needham (R)
Colorado . John F. Shafroth (SR) . John C. Bell (P)
Connecticut . E. Stevens Henry (R) . Nehemiah D. Sperry (R) . Charles A. Russell (R), until October 23, 1902 Frank B. Brandegee (R), from November 4, 1902 . Ebenezer J. Hill (R)
Delaware . L. Heisler Ball (R)
Florida . Stephen M. Sparkman (D) . Robert W. Davis (D)
Georgia . Rufus E. Lester (D) . James M. Griggs (D) . Elijah B. Lewis (D) . William C. Adamson (D) . Leonidas F. Livingston (D) . Charles L. Bartlett (D) . John W. Maddox (D) . William M. Howard (D) . Farish C. Tate (D) . William H. Fleming (D) . William G. Brantley (D)
Idaho . Thomas L. Glenn (P)
Illinois . James R. Mann (R) . John J. Feely (D) . George P. Foster (D) . James McAndrews (D) . William Frank Mahoney (D) . Henry S. Boutell (R) . George E. Foss (R) . Albert J. Hopkins (R) . Robert R. Hitt (R) . George W. Prince (R) . Walter Reeves (R) . Joseph G. Cannon (R) . Vespasian Warner (R) . Joseph V. Graff (R) . J. Ross Mickey (D) . Thomas J. Selby (D) . Ben F. Caldwell (D) . Thomas M. Jett (D) . Joseph B. Crowley (D) . James R. Williams (D) . Fred J. Kern (D) . George Washington Smith (R)
Indiana . James A. Hemenway (R) . Robert W. Miers (D) . William T. Zenor (D) . Francis M. Griffith (D) . Elias S. Holliday (R) . James E. Watson (R) . Jesse Overstreet (R) . George W. Cromer (R) . Charles B. Landis (R) . Edgar D. Crumpacker (R) . George W. Steele (R) . James M. Robinson (D) . Abraham L. Brick (R)
Iowa . Thomas Hedge (R) . John N. W. Rumple (R), until January 31, 1903 . David B. Henderson (R) . Gilbert N. Haugen (R) . Robert G. Cousins (R) . John F. Lacey (R) . John A. T. Hull (R) . William P. Hepburn (R) . Walter I. Smith (R) . James P. Conner (R) . Lot Thomas (R)
Kansas . Charles Curtis (R) . Justin De Witt Bowersock (R) . Alfred Metcalf Jackson (D) . James Monroe Miller (R) . William A. Calderhead (R) . William A. Reeder (R) . Chester I. Long (R), until March 4, 1903 . Charles Frederick Scott (R)
Kentucky . Charles K. Wheeler (D) . Henry Dixon Allen (D) . John S. Rhea (D), until March 25, 1902 J. McKenzie Moss (R), from March 25, 1902 . David Highbaugh Smith (D) . Harvey Samuel Irwin (R) . Daniel Linn Gooch (D) . South Trimble (D) . George G. Gilbert (D) . James Nicholas Kehoe (D) . James Bramford White (D) . Vincent Boreing (R)
Louisiana . Adolph Meyer (D) . Robert C. Davey (D) . Robert F. Broussard (D) . Phanor Breazeale (D) . Joseph E. Ransdell (D) . Samuel M. Robertson (D)
Maine . Amos L. Allen (R) . Charles E. Littlefield (R) . Edwin C. Burleigh (R) . Llewellyn Powers (R), from April 8, 1901
Maryland . William Humphreys Jackson (R) . Albert Blakeney (R) . Frank C. Wachter (R) . Charles R. Schirm (R) . Sydney E. Mudd (R) . George A. Pearre (R)
Massachusetts . George P. Lawrence (R) . Frederick H. Gillett (R) . John R. Thayer (D) . Charles Q. Tirrell (R) . William S. Knox (R) . William H. Moody (R), until May 1, 1902 Augustus P. Gardner (R), from November 4, 1902 . Ernest W. Roberts (R) . Samuel W. McCall (R) . Joseph A. Conry (D) . Henry F. Naphen (D) . Samuel L. Powers (R) . William C. Lovering (R) . William S. Greene (R)
Michigan . John B. Corliss (R) . Henry C. Smith (R) . Washington Gardner (R) . Edward L. Hamilton (R) . William Alden Smith (R) . Samuel W. Smith (R) . Edgar Weeks (R) . Joseph W. Fordney (R) . Roswell P. Bishop (R) . Rousseau O. Crump (R), until May 1, 1901 Henry H. Aplin (R), from October 15, 1901 . Archibald B. Darragh (R) . Carlos D. Shelden (R)
Minnesota . James Albertus Tawney (R) . James T. McCleary (R) . Joel Heatwole (R) . Frederick C. Stevens (R) . Loren Fletcher (R) . R. Page W. Morris (R) . Frank Eddy (R)
Mississippi . Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. (D) . Thomas Spight (D) . Patrick Stevens Henry (D) . Andrew F. Fox (D) . John Sharp Williams (D) . Frank A. McLain (D) . Charles E. Hooker (D)
Missouri . James T. Lloyd (D) . William W. Rucker (D) . John Dougherty (D) . Charles F. Cochran (D) . William S. Cowherd (D) . David A. De Armond (D) . James Cooney (D) . Dorsey W. Shackleford (D) . James Beauchamp Clark (D) . Richard Bartholdt (R) . Charles F. Joy (R) . James Joseph Butler (D), until June 28, 1902, then November 4, 1902 – February 26, 1903 George Wagoner (R), from February 26, 1903 . Edward Robb (D) . Willard D. Vandiver (D) . Maecenas E. Benton (D)
Montana . Caldwell Edwards (P)
Nebraska . Elmer J. Burkett (R) . David H. Mercer (R) . John S. Robinson (D) . William L. Stark (P) . Ashton C. Shallenberger (D) . William Neville (P)
Nevada . Francis G. Newlands (D)
New Hampshire