Malyanov or Malianov (, feminine: Malyanova or Malianova) is an East-Slavic surname. The surname may refer to:
Dmitry Malyanov, a fictional astrophysicist from works by Russian writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, first introduced in the 1974 novel translated in English as Definitely Maybe Fyodor Malyanov, a character from the 1983 Soviet film Wartime Romance Gennady Malianov, fictional detective from a cycle of science fiction / techno thriller stories by Canadian writer Karl Schroeder (born 1950), Russian culturologist, former rector of Perm State Institute of Culture