The List of office-holders in India is a list of heads of government of states which exercised control over India, including colonial governments, from the time of the Sultanate of Delhi through to today.
List of rulers of Sultans of Delhi
Sultans of Delhi were the rulers of the Muslim empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India, for 320 years (1206–1526).Delhi Sultanate, Encyclopædia BritannicaA. Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Leiden, 1980 Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134.
This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)
S/NName of rulerBirth DateDeath DateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes1Qutbuddin Aibak115014 November 121025 June 120614 November 12102Aram ShahunknownJune 1211December 1210June 1211Son of Aibak3Iltutmishunknown30 April 1236June 121130 April 1236Son-in-law of Aibak4Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I)unknown19 November 1236April/May 1236November 1236Son of Iltutmish5Razia Sultanunknown15 October 1240November 123620 April 1240Daughter of Iltutmish6Muiz ud din Bahram9 July 121215 May 1242May 124015 May 1242Son of Iltutmish7Ala-ud-Din Masud Shahunknown10 June 1246May 124210 June 1246Son of Ruknuddin Firuz8Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I)1229 or 123018 February 126610 June 124618 February 1266Grandson of Iltutmish9Ghiyas ud din Balban12161287February 12661287Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish10Muiz ud din Qaiqabad12691 February 129012871 February 1290Grandson of Balban11Shamsuddin Kayumars1285/128713 June 12901 February 129013 June 1290Son of Qaiqabad
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes12Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II)122019 July 129613 June 129019 July 1296 –Ruknuddin Ibrahimunknownafter 1296July 1296November 1296Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists.13Alauddin Khaljic. 12664 January 1316November 12964 January 1316Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji14Shihabuddin Omar1310 or 1311April 13165 January 1316April 1316Son of Alauddin Khalji15Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah12999 July 132014 April 13161 May 1320Son of Alauddin Khalji
Outside of the dynasties (1320)
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes16Khusrau Khanunknown132010 July 13205 September 1320He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty.
Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes17Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (Tughluq I)unknown1 February 13258 September 13201 February 132518Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II)c. 129020 March 13511 February 132520 March 1351Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq19Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III)130920 September 138823 March 135120 September 1388Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq20Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II)unknown14 March 138920 September 138814 March 1389Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq21Abu Bakr Shahunknownafter 139015 March 1389August 1390Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq22Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III)unknown20 January 139431 August 139020 January 1394Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq23Ala ud-din Sikandar Shahunknown8 March 139422 January 13948 March 1394Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III24Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah TughluqunknownFebruary 1413March 1394February 1413Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III –Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluqunknown1398 or 1399January 13951398 or 1399Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler.
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes25Khizr Khanunknown20 May 142128 May 141420 May 142126Mubarak Shahunknown19 February 143421 May 1421 19 February 1434Son of Khizr Khan27Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV)unknownJanuary 1445February 1434 January 1445Grandson of Khizr Khan28Alam ShahunknownJuly 1478January 1445 19 April 1451Son of Muhammad Shah
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes29Bahlul Lodi142012 July 148919 April 1451 12 July 148930Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II)17 July 145821 November 151717 July 1489 21 November 1517Son of Bahlul Lodi31Ibrahim Lodi148021 April 1526November 1517 21 April 1526Son of Sikandar Lodi
Family trees Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)
Tughluq dynasty (1320-1413)
Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)
Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)
List of Mughal Emperors Here are the claimants to the Mughal throne historians recognise as titular Mughal emperors. Shahryar Mirza (1627 - 1628) Dawar Baksh (1627 - 1628) Jahangir II (1719 - 1720)
Portrait Titular Name Birth Name Birth Reign Death1 BaburZahir Ud-Din Muhammad Ghazi14 February 1483 Andijan, Uzbekistan 20 April 1526 – 26 December 153026 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, India2 HumayunNasir Ud-Din Baig Muhammad Khan6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540 22 February 1555 – 27 January 155627 January 1556 (aged 47) Delhi, India3 Akbar Abu'l Fath Jalal Ud-Din Muhammad15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan11 February 1556 – 27 October 160527 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India 4 JahangirNur Ud-Din Baig Muhammad khan Salim31 August 1569 Agra, India3 November 1605 – 28 October 162728 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India5 Shah JahanShahab Ud-Din Muhammad Khurram5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan19 January 1628 – 31 July 165822 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India6 Aurangzeb AlamgirMuhi Ud-Din Muhammad 3 November 1618 Gujarat, India31 July 1658 – 3 March 17073 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India7 Azam ShahQutb Ud-Din Muhammad28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India14 March 1707 – 20 June 170720 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India8 Bahadur Shah Shah AlamAbul-Nasr Sayyid Qutb-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712 27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan9 Jahandar ShahMu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan Bahādur 9 May 1661 Deccan, India27 February 1712 – 11 February 171312 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India10FarrukhsiyarAbu'l Muzaffar Muīn-ud-Dīn Muhammad Shāh Farrukhsiyar Alim Akbar Sāni Wālā Shān Pādshāh-i-bahr-u-bar Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India11 January 1713 – 28 February 171919 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India11Rafi ud-DarajatAbu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-BarPuppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha1 December 169928 February 1719 – 6 June 17196 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India12Shah Jahan IIRafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha5 January 16966 June 1719 – 17 September 171918 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India13Muhammad ShahNasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah Roshan Akhtar Bahadur Ghazi Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan27 September 1719 – 26 April 174826 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India14Ahmad Shah BahadurAbu-Nasir Mujahid ud-din Muhammad Ahmad Shah Bahadur Ghazi 23 December 1725 Delhi, India29 April 1748 – 2 June 17541 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India15Alamgir IIAziz Ud-Din Muhammad 6 June 1699 Burhanpur, India3 June 1754 – 29 November 175929 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India16Shah Jahan IIIMuhi Ul-Millat 171110 December 1759 – 10 October 17601772 (aged 60–61)17Shah Alam IIAbdu'llah Jalal ud-din Abu'l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad 'Mirza Ali Gauhar 25 June 1728 Delhi, India10 October 1760 – 31 July 178819 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India18Shah Jahan IVBidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah1749 Delhi, India31 July 1788 – 11 October 17881790 (aged 40–41) Delhi, India19Shah Alam IIAbdu'llah Jalal ud-din Abu'l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad 'Mirza Ali Gauhar Puppet King under the Maratha Empire25 June 1728 Delhi, India16 October 1788 – 19 November 180619 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India20Akbar Shah IISultan Ibn Sultan Sahib al-Mufazi Wali Ni'mat Haqiqi Khudavand Mujazi Abu Nasir Mu'in al-Din Muhammad Akbar Shah Pad-Shah Ghazi Puppet King under the East India Company22 April 1760 Mukundpur, India19 November 1806 – 28 September 183728 September 1837 (aged 77) Delhi, India21Bahadur Shah II ZafarAbu Zafar Siraj Ud-Din Muhammad 24 October 1775 Delhi, India28 September 1837 – 21 September 18577 November 1862 (aged 87) Rangoon, Myanmar
List of title-holders Emperor of India
PortraitNameBirthReignDeathConsortImperial DurbarRoyal HouseVictoria24 May 18191 May 1876 – 22 January 190122 January 1901None1 January 1877(represented by Lord Lytton)Hanover9 November 184122 January 1901 – 6 May 19106 May 1910Alexandra of Denmark1 January 1903(represented by Lord Curzon)Saxe-Coburg and GothaGeorge V3 June 18656 May 1910 – 20 January 193620 January 1936Mary of Teck12 December 1911Saxe-Coburg and GothaWindsor23 June 189420 January 1936 – 11 December 193628 May 1972NoneNoneWindsorGeorge VI14 December 189511 December 1936 – 15 August 19476 February 1952Elizabeth Bowes-LyonNoneWindsor
List of governors-general
Fort William (Bengal) and India, 1600–1857 Governor-General Term of office Notable events Appointed by Governors-General of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), 1773–1833 Warren Hastings 1773Originally joined on 28 April 1772. 1785 Regulating Act 1773 First Rohilla War (1773–1774) Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William (1774) was established Formation of Supreme Council of Bengal (1774) First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) Formed Amini Commission (1776) Founded Calcutta Madrasa (Aliah University) (1780) James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette (first Indian newspaper published (1780) Second Anglo-Mysore war (1780–1784) Asiatic Society of Bengal was established by Sir William Jones (1784) Pitt's India Act (1784) Creation of collector post The first Governor General to be prosecuted for impeachment. As a consequence of his involvement in First Rohilla War Experimentation on land settlements Ended providing pension to the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II Abolished the Dual System in Bengal (which was introduced by Robert Clive) Moved Treasury from Murshidabad to Calcutta Abolished Dastak system (which was introduced by Robert Clive) English translation of the Bhagwat Gita by Charles Wilkins George III Sir John Macpherson, 1st Baronet 1785 1786 The Earl CornwallisEarl Cornwallis from 1762; created Marquess Cornwallis (1792). 1786 1793 Established lower courts and appellate courts Third Anglo-Mysore war (1790–1792) Sanskrit Vidyalaya at Benaras (now Varanasi) established by Johnathan Duncan (then Governor of Bombay) (1791) Permanent Settlement in Bihar and Bengal (1793) Introduction of Cornwallis Code (1793) Introduction of Civil Services in India John Shore 1793 1798 Policy of Non-intervention Charter Act 1793 Second Rohilla War 1794 Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas (1795) Lt. Gen Alured Clarke 1798 1798 Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess WellesleyCreated Marquess Wellesley (1799). 1798 1805 Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance (1798) Fourth Anglo Mysore War 1799 Censorship Act, 1799 Took over the administration of Tanjore (1799), Surat (1800) and Carnatica (1801) Fort William College at Calcutta (1800) The Subsidiary Treaty of Bassein (1802) and Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) Raj Bhavan at Calcutta was established (1803) Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis 1805 1805 George Barlow, 1st Baronet 1805 1807 Sepoy mutiny at Vellore (1806) (prelude to the Indian Rebellion of 1857)