Salomo Sachs (; born on 22 December 1772 in Berlin; died on 14 May 1855) was a Jewish Prussian architect, astronomer, Prussian building official, mathematician, drawing teacher for architecture, teacher for machine drawings, building economist, writer, author of non-fiction and textbooks and universal scholar. He attained the rank of a royal building inspector and with his cousin Major Meno Burg they were the only men in the Prussian civil service who had not renounced their Jewish faith.
Sachs was born in Berlin on 22 December 1772, the son of Lottery collector and Protected Jew Joel Jacob Sachs (born 30 July 1738 in Berlin; died 18 April 1820 in Berlin) and his second wife Esther Sachs ( – 1813). His father was head of the association Bedek Habajith of the Jewish community of Berlin ("The Damage to the House"; "Maintenance of the Building", here "Building Maintenance") ()Scholarly Berlin: in the year ... 1845 (1846). p. 307Historical Commission on Berlin Walter de Gruyter Publications Volume 28, 1968 p. 59 (Snippet-Ansicht books.google.de).In: juden-in-mecklenburg. Die Schutzjuden Rechte und Pflichten.'Salomo Sachs Autobiography'My fifty year of services and literary Work A contribution to the thematic illumination of the question "Are Jews for state service are suitable?" by S. Sachs Königl. Regierungs-BauInspektor in Berlin. (For the benefit of the Berlin poor) Berlin, 1842 Published by the author himself (Alexanderstraße Nr. 55.) printed by F. Weidle Library of the Jewish Community of Berlin p. 4History of Jewish literature, Gustav Karpeles Oppenheim 1886 Volume 2 p. 642.
Education and qualification At the age of 18 he studied architecture and drawing from 1790 to 1792 at the Royal Academy of Arts in Berlin. On 9 December 1792 he was sworn in as pupil at the Oberhofbauamt in Berlin. His teacher and superior in service was the Royal Oberhofbaurat and Geheime Kriegsrat Friedrich Becherer.
At this time ruled Frederick William II. On 1 July 1794 Sachs obtained a patent as Ober-Hof-Bau-Conducteur and on 26 September 1799 he was appointed Ober-Hof-Bau-Inspector at the Oberhofbauamt. During his training, Dr. Johann Albert Eytelwein was also one of his teachers, to whom he dedicated his work Complete instruction in the manufacture of building hardware in 1827. As building inspector he took over the leadership of the building police in his department and the chairmanship of the examination commission of the master builders. Between 1790 and 1796, it was planned to use the land in the Molkenmarkt 1 area for the construction of the new city bailiwick. Projects were designed by members of the Oberhofbauamt and construction began in 1791 under the direction of Paul Ludwig Simon and Friedrich Gilly. Solomo Sachs had, not officially requested, designed two facades for this. These were the facades of the portal and the front on the Spree side, which the authority accepted very favourably, and for which he received his first public recognition. Since 1786 the Academy of Arts and Mechanical Science published the catalogue for the annual Academy exhibition. In the following years the biennial rhythm was introduced. The aim was to distinguish the Berlin public from the other academies in Kassel and Dresden. In the years 1786 to 1816, mainly architectural models and designs based on antique models took up space. A large proportion of the entries were submitted by academy students and younger Conducteuren. In 1794, Johann Carl Gottlieb Schlaetzer, Salomo Sachs, August Ferdinand Mandel (1771–1846), Johann Georg Moser and Paul Ludwig Simon were able to contribute their designs for churches, prisons, a playhouse, hunting lodge, country houses and town houses, summer houses and mortuaries to the exhibition and catalogue. In 1798 Sachs designed a mortuary for the Society of Friends (Gesellschaft der Freunde), but for financial reasons it was never executed. From 1799 to 1806 he taught as a drawing teacher for architecture and a teacher for machine drawings at the Bauakademie, which was newly founded by King Frederick William III. on 6 July 1799.Karl Friedrich Schinkel, ein Sohn der Spätaufklärung von Mario Zadow. p. 189 (books.google.de).Vollständiger Unterricht in der Anfertigung der Bau-Anschläge 1827 Salomo Sachs. p. 3 (Cover).Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.):Poethen – Schlüter. p. 663 (books.google.de).Mein fünfzigjähriges Dienstleben und literarisches Wirken – Ich büße für meinen Glauben – Jüdische Memoiren. Band 3, Werner Heegewaldt und Oliver Sander im Verlag Hentrich&Henrich, p. 12.Klaus Jan Philipp: Um 1800: Architekturtheorie und Architekturkritik in Deutschland zwischen 1790 und 1810. p.23Uta Motschmann (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Berliner Vereine und Gesellschaften 1786–1815 p. 837–848 Gesellschaft der FreundeMein fünfzigjähriges Dienstleben und literarisches Wirken – Ich büße für meinen Glauben – Jüdische Memoiren, Band 3, Werner Heegewaldt und Oliver Sander im Verlag Hentrich&Henrich, p. 8 u. p. 11.Handbuch über den Königlich Preussischen Hof und ... 1806. p. 394 (babel.hathitrust.org).Catalogus Professorum-TU Berlin Gründungsdaten unter Königliche Bauakademie
Family and siblings On 21 September 1802 he married Henriette Isser from Hamburg in Berlin. The marriage produced a son. His son Albert Sachs (* 29 August 1803 in Berlin, † 11 November 1835 ibid.) became a doctor. His uncle was Jüdel Sachs (born 10 April 1752 in Berlin; died 17 May 1819 ibid.), who was a gardener by profession and made a name for himself as a pioneer of career changes. (To provide new career prospects for Jews who were no longer allowed to work in the professions they had previously practised or who had little or no chance of advancement.) Salomo Sachs had the following siblings Israel Joel Sachs (born 25 March 1762 in Berlin; died 26 August 1848 in Berlin). He was a pawnbroker by profession and lived in Eyergasse 2. Civil rights 1809 on the basis of the city ordinance of 19 November 1808 Hirsch Joel Sachs (born 18 October 1770 in Berlin; died 22 September 1824 in Berlin) was a gardener and owner. He lived at Am Grünen Weg 2 Civil rights on 9 August 1813 Veile (Veilchen; Feilchen; Fanny) Sachs (born 4 November 1778 in Berlin; died ) married Daniel Alexander Benda (Daniel David Alexander Benda) Berlin publicist and city councilor (born 22 April 1786; died 6 January 1870) on 13 February 1809. Veile was honorary mother of the orphan education institute of the Jewish community of Berlin, founded by Baruch Auerbach. The following children were born from the marriage, Salomo Sachs' nieces Clara (1810–1818) Esther (16 October 1813 - 1877) Nephew Anton Ferdinand Benda. (born 10 February 1817 in Berlin; died 6 January 1893 in Lübeck) Both converted later to Christianity, Esther Benda (later she called herself Eda (Edda) Anna) still received the baptism by Friedrich Schleiermacher. Jacob Joel Sachs was born in Berlin on 13 September 1781. He was a craftsman, and on 16 March 1810 he was granted a concession to manufacture goods with silver plating. Resident in Berlin Münzstraße 24. civil rights on 12 March 1812. Solomo's daughter-in-law was Süsche Kinschberg (born 24 June 1792 Berlin; died 24 November 1843 in Berlin) who married Jacob Joel on 11 June 1812. Around 1831 Jacob became an inspector of the Jewish hospital. Joel Jacob Sachs died in Berlin on 20 December 1847. Jewish couples, but also Veile and Alexander Benda as well as Süßsche and Jacob Joel, had to file applications for marriage licenses, in some cases also for marriage certificates and, after marriage, for the children's rights of residence.Die Judenbürgerbücher der Stadt Berlin 1809–1851: Mit Ergänzungen für die Jahre 1791 bis 1809 herausgegeben von Jacob Jacobson p. 152Jüdische Trauungen in Berlin 1759 bis 1813: Mit Ergänzungen für die Jahre 1759–1813. Hrsg. von Jacob Jacobson. p. 448Jüdische Trauungen in Berlin 1759 bis 1813: Mit Ergänzungen für die Jahre 1723 bis 1729 herausgegeben von Jacob Jacobson Berlin 1968. p. 501Historische Kommission zu Berlin Walter de Gruyter, 1968. Snippet-Ansicht p. 501Berlin in Geschichte und Gegenwart Landesarchiv Berlin, 2009. Snippet-Ansicht p. 113Die jüdische Gemeindeschule tora talmud zu Berlin, in ihrer fernern Entwickelung von Baruch Auerbach Berlin 1833. p. 173Achter Jahresbericht über das Waisen-Erziehungs-Institut, der Jüdischen Gemeinde zu Berlin 1841 von Baruch Auerbach. p. 102Topographie und Mobilität in der Deutschen Frauenbewegung: Ergebnisse des wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums des Deutschen Staatsbürgerinnen-Verbandes e.V. am 2. November 2002 Ilse Kischlat Deutscher Staatsbürgerinnen Verband, 2003 – 191 Seiten p. 91 (beschrängte Ansicht)Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Teil II: Sonderverwaltungen …herausgegeben von Kurt Metschies. p. 107Repertorium der Preußisch Brandenburgischen Landesgesetze für Cameral- und Landesbediente, Band 2 von Peter Johann Jakob Hoffmann, Züllichau Darnmannsche Buchhandlung 1806. p. 105Policey- und Cameral-Magazin : in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nach richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen practisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden, Band 5 von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius 1768 Neuauflage 1786. p. 273Die Judenbürgerbücher der Stadt Berlin 1809–1851: Mit Ergänzungen für die Jahre 1791 bis 1809 herausgegeben von Jacob Jacobson Berlin 1962. p. 95 Note 299 und Erklärung; p. 79 Note 177; p. 102 Note 342Jüdische Trauungen in Berlin 1759 bis 1813: Mit Ergänzungen für die Jahre 1759 bis 1813 herausgegeben von Jacob Jacobson. p.529Die jüdische Gemeindeschule tora talmud zu Berlin, in ihrer fernern Entwickelung von Baruch Auerbach Gedruckt beiJ. Lewent 1833. p. 19
New Guardhouse (Neue Wache) and the outbreak of war In 1806, shortly before the outbreak of the French war, the Collegium of the Bauakademie was commissioned by the highest authority to draw up and submit plans for the reconstruction of the Opera Bridge with a guardhouse nearby and the construction of a massive dog bridge (castle bridge). Here, the older and higher-ranking officials of the Collegium were in demand, for example Johann Heinrich Gentz. As a young civil servant, Solomo Sachs was so fascinated by this task that he worked out his own drawings, ideas and drafts in complete silence. He submitted them to his teacher, the privy councillor Becherer, who submitted the drawings for examination. Against all the specialists' magnificent drawings, his designs for the Palace Bridge and the New Guardhouse won the prize. The outbreak of war delayed the plans.
The Coalition Wars and the War of Liberation 1813–1815 and the search for new intentions After the lost war, the financing of the Bauakademie and the Oberhofbauamt fell victim to the state austerity measures in favour of contributions to France and Sachs lost his job. He received waiting pay from the government from 1808 to 1816.
Only after the end of the war was the plan resumed by Friedrich Schinkel, but now it was implemented with its adaptations. It was not until 1842 that Sachs noted in his autobiography that the new guardhouse in particular resembled his basic designs, with the exception of Schinkel's masterly decoration of the building.Geschichte der Juden in Berlin I. As a commemorative publication for the second secular celebration Edited by Ludwig Geiger Berlin 1871. publishing house I. Guttentag. (D. Collin.) p. 194
The flying cataster and the municipal tax