Metallization pressure is the pressure required for a non-metallic chemical element to become a metal. Every material is predicted to turn into a metal if the pressure is high enough, and temperature low enough. Some of these pressures are beyond the reach of diamond anvil cells, and are thus theoretical predictions. Neon has the highest metallization pressure for any element.
The value for phosphorus refers to pressurizing black phosphorus. The value for arsenic refers to pressurizing metastable black arsenic; grey arsenic, the standard state, is already a metallic conductor at standard conditions. Astatine is calculated to already be a metal at standard conditions, although its extreme radioactivity means that this has never been tested experimentally.
Z Element p, Mbar ref. type 1 Hydrogen theoretical 2 Helium theoretical 5 Boron experimental 6 Carbon theoretical 7 Nitrogen theoretical 8 Oxygen experimental 9 Fluorine theoretical 10 Neon theoretical 14 Silicon experimental 15 Phosphorus experimental 16 Sulfur experimental 17 Chlorine experimental 18 Argon theoretical 32 Germanium experimental 33 Arsenic theoretical 34 Selenium experimental 35 Bromine experimental 36 Krypton theoretical 52 Tellurium experimental 53 Iodine experimental 54 Xenon experimental 86 Radon theoretical
See also
Metal–insulator transition Metallic hydrogen Nonmetallic material
References