The flora of the Philippines comprises a diverse array of plant species, owing to the country's location within the Malesian biogeographical region. The Malesian phytogeographic zone is considered one of the major centers of plant diversity because of the large number and variation of species found there. The Philippine archipelago is geographically isolated by both continental shelves and deep ocean trenches.
At least one-third of the more than 9,250 vascular plant species native to the country are endemic. However, no plant families are known to be endemic to the Philippines. The families of gingers, begonias, gesneriads, orchids, pandans, palms, and dipterocarps have particularly high numbers of endemic species. For instance, about two-thirds of the 150 palm species found in the country occur nowhere else in the world. More than 137 genera and about 998 species of orchids have been recorded in the Philippines as of 2007.
The broad lowland and hill rainforests of the Philippines, most of which have been lost, were once dominated by at least 45 species of dipterocarps. These large trees were common up to about 1,000 meters above sea level. Since dipterocarps originated in India and Malaysia, their presence in the Philippines indicates a historical biogeographical connection with western Malaysia. Other important tree species include giant figs, which provide food for fruit bats, parrots, and monkeys, and Pterocarpus indicus, which, like dipterocarps, is valued for its timber.
Due to ongoing environmental changes, the discovery and documentation of new species has become increasingly important for maintaining an accurate record of the archipelago's flora and fauna.
Several species of Rafflesia occur in the Philippines, including Rafflesia philippensis.
List
Native
Abaca – Musa textilis Agoho – Casuarina equisetifolia Agpoi / Banot - Phanera integrifolia Ahern's Balok – Millettia ahernii Akleng Butarek – Albizia butarek Akleng gubat – Albizia acle Akleng parang – Albizia procera Alagao – Premma odorata Alibangbang – Bauhinia malabarica / Piliostigma malabaricum Alim – Melanolepis multiglandulosa Alingaro – Elaeagnus triflora Albutra – Arcangelisia flava Alugbati – Basella alba Almaciga – Agathis philippinensis Almon – Shorea almon Alupag – Litchi chinensis ssp. philippinensis / Dimocarpus malesianus Amugis / Dangila – Koordersiodendron pinnatum Amuyong – Goniothalamus amuyon Anabiong – Trema orientale Anahaw – Saribus rotundifolius Anang – Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Anilao – Colona serratifolia Anonang – Cordia dichotoma Antipolo – Artocarpus blancoi Anubing – Artocarpus ovatus Apat-apat – Marsilea crenata Apatot / Noni – Morinda citrifolia Api-api – Avicennia alba Apitong – Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Apunan - Diospyros cauliflora Ata-ata - Diospyros mindanaensis Attenborough's pitcher plant – Nepenthes attenboroughii Ayangile – Acacia confusa Ayusip - Vacciniium myrtoides Badiang – Alocacia indica Bagakay - Schizostachyum lima Bagalunga – Melia dubia Bagawak morado – Clerodendum quadriloculare Bago / Culiat – Gnetum gnemon Bagoadlau - Xanthostemon philippinensis Bagtikan – Parashorea malaanonan Bagras – Eucalyptus deglupta Bagtikan - Palashorea malaaanonan Baguilumbang – Reutealis trisperma Bahai – Ormosia calavensis Bakauan (babae) – Rhizophora mucronata Bakauan (lalaki) – Rhizophora apiculata Bakauan-gubat – Carallia brachiata Bakong / Taboan - Pandanus dubius Balakat /Talanay – Ziziphus talanae Balakat-gubat - Balakata luzonica (Sapium luzonicum) Balat-buwaya - Utania volubilis Balete – Ficus balete Balimbing – Averrhoa carambola Balinghasai – Buchanania arborescens Balitbitan – Cynometra ramiflora Balobo – Diplodiscus paniculatus Bamban - Donax canniformis Banaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa Banai-banai – Radermachera pinnata Banana – Musa spp. Banato – Mallotus philippensis Banga / Tiger palm - Pinanga maculata Bangkal – Nauclea orientalis Bani – Pongamia pinnata / Millettia pinnata Banilad - Sterculia ceramica Baniti - Garcinia dulcis Bantigue – Pemphis acidula Bantolinau – Diospyros ferrea Banuyo – Wallaceodendron celebicum Baraibai – Cerebra manghas Batikuling – Litsea leytensis Batete - Kingiodendron alternifolium Batino – Alstonia macrophylla Batwan – Garcinia binucao Bayag-usa – Voacanga globosa Bayanti - Aglaia rimosa Bayok – Pterospermum diversifolium Bayuno / Mangga wani – Mangifera caesia Benguet pine – Pinus kesiya Betis – Madhuca betis Biasong - Citrus hystrix var. micrantha Biga – Alocasia macrorrhizos Bignai – Antidesma bunius Bignay kalabaw – Antidesma pleuricum Binoloan - Syzygium acuminatissimum Binuang – Octomeles sumatrana Binunga – Macaranga tanarius Binungang-malapad – Macaranga grandifolia Binayuyo – Antidesma ghaesembilla Bird's nest fern – Asplenium nidus Bitaog – Calophyllum inophyllum Bitongol – Flacourtia indica Black pepper – Piper nigrum Bogo - Garuga floribunda Bolon – Platymitra arborea Bolong-eta – Diospyros pilosanthera Botolan - Flueggea virosa Botong – Barringtonia asiatica Broad-winged apitong – Dipterocarpus kunstleri Bukawe - Cyrtochloa toppingii Bulala – Nephelium chryseum Bulalakaw - Hoya multiflora Bunga / Betel nut – Areca catechu Bungang-dakigan / Elmer's palm - Pinanga philippinensis Buri – Corypha utan Bunga de Jolo / Manila palm – Adonidia merrilli Cabuyao - Citrus hystrix Calamansi – Citrofortunella microcarpa Camansi – Artocarpus camansi Champaca - Magnolia champaca Cogon - Imperata cylindrica Dadiangas – Gmelina elliptica Dalingdingan - Hopea foxworthyi Dampalit – Sesuvium portulacastrum Dangkalan – Calophyllum obliquinervium Dao – Dracontomelon dao Dapdap – Erythrina variegata Dapong repolyo – Platycerium grande Dayapod mabolo - Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Digeg / Kandong – Memecylon lanceolatum Dilap - Doryxylon spinosum Dilaw – Cucurma longa Diliman – Stenochlaena palustris Dita – Alstonia scholaris Dolitan – Planchonella villamilii
Donya aurora – Mussaenda philippica Duhat – Syzygium cumini Duguan – Myristica philippinensis Dungon – Heritiera sylvatica Dungon-late – Heritiera littoralis Durian – Durio zebithenus Foxtail orchid - Rhynchostylis retusa Gabi – Colacacia esculentum Gabing tigre - Alocasia zebrina Gakakan – Drypetes falcata Galo / Aluloy – Anacolosa frutescens Ginger – Zingiber officinale Gisok-gisok - Hopea philippinensis Golden Gardenia - Gardenia mutabilis Guijo – Shorea guiso Gugo – Entada phaseoloides Gumamela – Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Gumayaka - Arenga tremula Gumihan – Artocarpus sericicarpus Hagakhak – Dipterocarpus validus Hagimit – Ficus minahassae Hagis – Syzygium tripinnatum Hairy-leafed Apitong – Dipterocarpus alatus Hauili – Ficus septica Hasselt's Panau - Dipterocarpus hasselltii Himbaba-o – Broussonetia luzonica Igem – Dacrycarpus imbricatus Igem-dagat – Podocarpus costalis Igyo – Dysoxylum gaudichadianum Ikmo – Piper betle Iloilo – Aglaia argentea Ipil – Intsia bijuga Is-is – Ficus ulmifolia Itom-itom – Diospyros longiciliata JC's vine – Strongylodon juangonzalezii Kabiki - Mimusops elengi Kaladis Narig - Vatica elliptica Kalamansanay / Malakalumpit – Terminalia calamansanai Kalamansi – Citrus x microcarpa Kalibaian – Heynea trijuga Kalimatas – Phaeanthus ebracteolatus Kalingag – Cinnamomum mercadoi Kalantas – Toona calantas Kalios – Streblus asper Kalubkob - Syzygium calubcob Kalumpang – Sterculia foetida Kalumpit – Terminalia microcarpa Kalunti - Shorea hopeifolia Kamagong – Diospyros blancoi Kamantigi – Impatiens balsamina Kamantigi-gubat – Impatiens platypetala Kamatog - Sympetalandra densiflora Kamias – Averrhoa bilimbi Kaningag – Cinnamomum cebuense Kanining-peneras - Aglaia pyriformis Kapal-kapal baging - Hoya pubicalyx Katmon – Dillenia philippinensis Katmon bayani - Dillenia megalantha Katong-matsing – Chisocheton pentandrus Kamuning – Murraya paniculata Kaong – Arenga pinnata Kapa-kapa – Medinilla magnifica Kapulasan – Nephelium ramboutan-ake Karagumoy - Pandanus simplex Karaksan – Chionanthus ramiflorus Karutai / Katuday – Sesbania grandiflora Kawayang tinik – Bambusa spinosa Kayumanis – Clausena anisum-olens Kris plant – Alocasia sanderiana Kubili – Cubilia cubili Kupang – Parkia timoriana Lagundi – Vitex negundo Lagunding dagat – Vitex trifolia Langka – Artocarpus heterophylla Lamio – Dracontomelon edule Lamog - Planchonia spectabilis Lanete – Wrightia pubescens Lanutan - Mitrephora lanotan Lanzones – Lansium domesticum Lauan (Red) – Shorea negrosensis Lauan (White) – Shorea contorta Libas – Spondias pinnata Libato - Lumnitzera littorea Ligas - Semecarpus cuneiformis Lila-lilahan – Hibiscus radiatus Limonsito - Triphasia trifolia Lingo-Lingo – Viticipremna philippinensis Lipa / Lipang kalabaw – Dendrocnide meyeniana Lipote – Syzygium curranii / Syzygium polycephaloides Lirio – Crinum latifolium Liusin – Maranthes corymbosa Longan – Dimocarpus longan Luag – Clerodendrum klemmei Lubang - Podocarpus pilgeri Lumanai / Mayagos - Homonoia riparia Lumbang – Aleurites moluccana Lunas kahoy - Micromelum minutum Lupo-lupo – Achyranthes aspera Luya-luyahan – Curcuma zeodaria Magabuyo – Celtis luzonica Maiden's jealousy - Tristellateia australasiae Makabuhay – Tinospora rumphii Makaasim – Syzygium nitidum Makopa – Syzygium malaccense Mala- Elaeocarpus grandiflorus Malaabukado – Litsea cordata Malabagang – Glochindion album Malabago – Hibiscus tiliaceus Malabaltik – Syzygium affine Malabayabas - Tristaniopsis decorticata Malabulak – Bombax ceiba Malak-malak - Palaquium philippense Malakatmon - Dillenia luzonienses Malagaitmon - Diospyros curranii Malaikmo – Celtis philippinensis Malak-malak – Palaquim philippense Malapanau - Dipterocarpus kerrii Malanangka – Parartocarpus venonosus Malapapaya – Polyscias nodosa Malaputat - Terminalia darlingii Malasaging - Aglaia edulis Malatinta – Diospyros maritima Malatungaw - Melastoma malabatricum Malayakal - Shorea seminis Mali-Mali – Leea manillensis Malinoag - Diospyros brideliifolia Malunggay – Moringa oleifera Makopa – Syzygium samarangense Mamalis – Pittosporum pentandrum Manaog ka irog – Dischidia oiantha Mangga – Mangifera indica Manggachapui - Hopea acuminata Manggis - Koompassia excelsa Mangkono – Xanthostemon verdugonianus Mapilig – Xanthostemon bracteatus Marang – Artocarpus odoratissimus Marang laparan – Litsea grandis Matang-kuwaw - Clerodendrum japonicum Mayana – Coleus scutellarioides Mayapis – Shorea palosapis Miagos - Osmoxylon lineare Mindanao cinnamon – Cinnamomum mindanaense Mindanao narek - Hopea brachyptera Mindanao narig - Vatica mindanensis Mindanao palosapis - Anisoptera costata Molave – Vitex parviflora Narek - Hopea cagayanensis Narig - Vatica mangachapoi ssp. mangachapoi Narig-laot - Vatica maritima Narra / Philippine cedar – Pterocarpus indicus Niyog – Cocos nucifera Niyog-niyogan – Ficus psedopalma Nipa – Nypa fruticans Oliva – Cycas revoluta O-oi - Diospyros philippinensis Orchid – Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica Pagatpat – Sonneratia alba Pagsangihin / Elemi / Piling-liitan – Canarium luzonicum Pagsahingin-bulog / Salung – Canarium asperum Paguringon / Kansilay – Cratoxylum sumatranum Pahutan – Mangifera alitssima Pako - Diplazium esculentum Pakpak lawin – Drynaria quercifolia Palasan – Calamus merrillii Palaspas – Dacryodes rostrata Palawan mangkono - Xanthostemon speciosus Palisan / Dalakit - Aquilaria cumingiana Palosapis / Mayapis – Anisoptera thurifera Pamitoyen – Calophyllum pentapetalum Panalipan – Diospyros tenuipes Panao - Dipterocarpus gracilis Pandan – Pandanus amaryllifolius, Pandanus odorifer Pangapang – Vaccinium gitingense Pangnan - Lithocarpus sulitii Pansit-pansitan – Peperomia pellucida Patalsik-pula – Decaspermum blancoi Patolang-gibat / Katimbau - Trichosanthes quinquangulata