Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily OedipodinaeOrthoptera Species File (retrieved 28 January 2018) of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 102 Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts: Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust Locustana pardalina the brown locust
These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent. Many species engage in crepitation, producing crackling sounds with their wings while in flight.
Defense When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the blue-winged grasshopper for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.
Tribes and genera The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:*Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 1 December 2018)
Tribe Acrotylini Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
Acrotylus Fieber, 1853 Pusana Uvarov, 1940
Tribe Anconiini Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic) Anconia Scudder, 1876
Tribe Arphiini Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America
Arphia Stål, 1873 Lactista Saussure, 1884 (synonym RehnitaHippopedon at Orthoptera Species File Online) Leuronotina Hebard, 1932 Tomonotus Saussure, 1861
Tribe Bryodemini Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia
Andrea Mishchenko, 1989 Angaracris Bei-Bienko, 1930 Bryodema Fieber, 1853 Bryodemacris Benediktov, 1998 Bryodemella Yin, 1982 (Eastern Europe and temperate Asia) Compsorhipis Saussure, 1889 Uvaroviola Bei-Bienko, 1930
Tribe Chortophagini Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
Chimarocephala Scudder, 1875 Chortophaga Saussure, 1884 Encoptolophus Scudder, 1875 Nebulatettix Gómez, Lightfoot & Miller, 2012 Shotwellia Gurney, 1940
Tribe Epacromiini Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia
Aiolopus Fieber, 1853 Demirsoyus Sirin & Çiplak, 2004 Epacromius Uvarov, 1942 Heteropternis Stål, 1873 Hilethera Uvarov, 1923 Jasomenia Bolívar, 1914 Paracinema Fischer, 1853 Parahilethera Zheng & Ren, 2007 Platypygius Uvarov, 1942
Tribe Hippiscini Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas
Agymnastus Scudder, 1897 Camnula Stål, 1873 Cratypedes Scudder, 1876 Hadrotettix Scudder, 1876 Heliastus Saussure, 1884 Hippiscus Saussure, 1861 (monotypic) Leprus Saussure, 1861 Pardalophora Saussure, 1884 Sticthippus Scudder, 1892 Xanthippus Saussure, 1884
Tribe Locustini Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
subtribe Locustina Kirby, 1825 Locusta Linnaeus, 1758 (monotypic) Oedaleus Fieber, 1853 Psophus Fieber, 1853 - monotypic Psophus stridulus subtribe undetermined Brunnerella Saussure, 1888 Chifanicus Benediktov, 2001 Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 Grammoscapha Uvarov, 1942 Locustana Uvarov, 1921 Pternoscirta Saussure, 1884 Ptetica Saussure, 1884 Pycnodictya Stål, 1873 Pyrgodera Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 Scintharista Saussure, 1884
Tribe Macherocerini Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic) Machaerocera Saussure, 1859
Tribe Oedipodini Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia
Celes Saussure, 1884 Mioscirtus Saussure, 1888 Ochyracris Zheng, 1991 Oedipoda Latreille, 1829 Oedipodacris Willemse, 1932
Tribe Parapleurini Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893Parapleurini at Orthoptera Species File Online (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia
Ceracris Walker, 1870 Ceracrisoides Liu, 1985 Formosacris Willemse, 1951 Mecostethus Fieber, 1852 Parapleurodes Ramme, 1941 Stethophyma Fischer, 1853 Yiacris Zheng & Chen, 1993
Tribe Psinidiini Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
Derotmema Scudder, 1876 Hippopedon Saussure, 1861 (synonym PlatylactistaLactista at Orthoptera Species File Online) Mestobregma Scudder, 1876 Metator McNeill, 1901 Psinidia Stål, 1873 Trachyrhachys Scudder, 1876 Trepidulus McNeill, 1901
Tribe Sphingonotini Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia
Conipoda Saussure, 1884 Cophotylus Krauss, 1902 Eusphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950 Eusphingonotus Bey-Bienko, 1950 Heliopteryx Uvarov, 1914 Helioscirtus Saussure, 1884 Hyalorrhipis Saussure, 1884 Microtes Scudder, 1900 Phaeonotus Popov, 1951 Pseudoceles Bolívar, 1899 Quadriverticis Zheng, 1999 Sphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950 Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 - type species: Sphingonotus caerulansSphingonotus at Orthoptera species File Online Tetramerotropis Saussure, 1888 Thalpomena Saussure, 1884 Vosseleriana Uvarov, 1924
Tribe Trilophidiini Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)
Trilophidia Stål, 1873
Tribe Trimerotropini Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas Circotettix Scudder, 1876 Conozoa Saussure, 1884 Dissosteira Scudder, 1876 Spharagemon Scudder, 1875 Trimerotropis Stål, 1873
Tribe Tropidolophini Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)
Tropidolophus Thomas, 1873 - monotypic Tropidolophus formosus
Genera incertae sedis
Angaracrisoides Gong & Zheng, 2003 Asphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950 Atympanum Yin, 1982 Aulocaroides Werner, 1913 Aurilobulus Yin, 1979 Austroicetes Uvarov, 1925 Brancsikellus Berg, 1899 Chloebora Saussure, 1884 Chondronotulus Uvarov, 1956 Chortoicetes Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 Crinita Dirsh, 1949 Cyanicaudata Yin, 1979 Diraneura Scudder, 1897 Dittopternis Saussure, 1884 Elmisia Dirsh, 1949 Eokingdonella Yin, 1984 Eremoscopus Bei-Bienko, 1951 Eurysternacris Chopard, 1947 Fitzgeraldia Uvarov, 1952 Flatovertex Zheng, 1981 Granada Koçak & Kemal, 2008 Homoeopternis Uvarov, 1953 Humbe Bolívar, 1882 Jinabia Uvarov, 1952 Kinshaties Zheng, 1977 Leptopternis Saussure, 1884 Mecistopteryx Saussure, 1888 Morphacris Walker, 1870 Nepalacris Balderson & Yin, 1987 Oreacris Bolívar, 1911 Promesosternus Yin, 1982 Pseudaiolopus Hollis, 1967 Pycnocrania Uvarov, 1941 Pycnodella Descamps, 1965 Pycnodictya Stål, 1873 Pycnostictus Saussure, 1884 Qualetta Sjöstedt, 1921 Rashidia Uvarov, 1933 Tibetacris Chen, 1964 Tmetonota Saussure, 1884 Zimbabwea Miller, 1949 †Mioedipoda Stidham & Stidham, 2000 †Nymphacrida Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994 †Oedemastopoda Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies.Cibolacris at Orthoptera Species File Online Oedipodinae at Orthoptera Species File OnlineDaniel Otte, 1982, 'The North American Grasshoppers, Volume 1: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae', Harvard University Press. DCF Rentz, RC Lewis, YN Su & MS Upton, 2003, 'A Guide to Australian Grasshoppers and Locusts', Natural History Publications (Borneo). ,
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