The following is a list of Australian penal colonies that existed from the establishment of European presence in the 1780s up until the nineteenth century. The term colony had referred to settlements and larger land areas at that time.
Settlement Colony Year opened Year closed Cockatoo Island New South Wales 1839 1869 Rose Hill New South Wales 1788 Sydney Cove New South Wales 1788 1840 Moreton Bay Queensland (New South Wales before 1859) 1824 Redcliffe Queensland 1823 1824 Maria Island Van Diemen's Land 1825 1851 Port Arthur Van Diemen's Land 1830 Richmond Van Diemen's Land 1830 Risdon Cove Van Diemen's Land 1794 Sarah Island, part of the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station Van Diemen's Land 1822 1833 Saltwater River Van Diemen's Land 1879 1970 Sullivans Cove Van Diemen's Land 1914 King George's Sound Western Australia 1826 1832 Swan River Colony Western Australia 1850 1868Norfolk Island Other 1788 1855
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