The Awyu–Ok languages are a group of Trans–New Guinea families in central New Guinea established by Timothy Usher, though with precedents in earlier studies.
Languages The three language families in Awyu–Ok are as follows:New Guinea World
Digul River (Greater Awyu) Kamula–Elevala Ok
The Oksapmin language is sometimes classified as the nearest relative of Ok. However, it's unclear whether the similarities are due to relationship or to contact between Oksapmin and Mountain Ok (or both).
Reconstruction
Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
BilabialAlveolarPalatalVelarplainlabializedNasal**Plosiveplain****prenasalized*****Fricative*Semivowel**Rhotic*
Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
! !!sg!!pl |- !1excl |rowspan=2|*ne||*nu |- !1incl |*nup |- !2m |*ŋgep |rowspan=2|*ŋgip |- !2f |*ŋgup |- !3m |*eː |rowspan=2|*i |- !3f |*u
The third-person pronouns are an innovation shared with the neighboring branch of Trans–New Guinea, Anim. The Awyu–Ok second-person pronouns show the same vowel ablaut for gender as well.
Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Digul River-Ok, Proto-Digul River, and Proto-Ok by Usher (2020) are:
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Proto-Digul River-Ok !! Proto-Digul River !! Proto-Ok |- ! eye | *kiːn(-roːp) || *kin-rop || *kiːn(-roːp) |- ! mouth/tooth | *maŋgoːt || *maŋgot || *maŋgoːt |- ! tongue | *poːŋg || *pon-kat || *poːŋg |- ! blood/men's house | *kaim || *kaim || *kaim |- ! bone | *kundoːR || *kundor || *kundoːR |- ! skin/bark | *kaːnd || *ka[ː]t || *kaːnd |- ! breast | *[aː/oː]m; *noːn || *[a/o]m; *non || |- ! dog | *majaːn; *t[i/eː]nd || *m[a]jan; *t[i/e]t || *majaːn; *tind |- ! egg | *w[ai]ndin || *w[ai]ndin || *windin |- ! sun/day | *[a]taːp || *[a]ta[ː]p || *[a]taːp |- ! moon | *wakoːr || *wakor || *wakoːr |- ! water | *[aː/oː]k || *[a/o][ː]k || *oːk
References
External links Digul River-Ok. New Guinea World. Digul River. New Guinea World. Ok. New Guinea World. Kamula-Elevala River. New Guinea World. Central Ok. New Guinea World. Lowland Ok. New Guinea World. Mountain Ok. New Guinea World.