A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines. Pushers may be classified according to lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft) as well as engine/propeller location and drive. For historical interest, pusher aircraft are also classified by date. Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).
Conventional and three surface layouts The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.
Direct drive Propeller ahead of tail Between frames (Farman layout)
Voisin-Farman I 1907, 60 built AEA June Bug 1908 experimental, 1 built Cody British Army Aeroplane No 1 1908, 1 built AEA Silver Dart 1909, first flight in Canada, 1 built Curtiss No. 1 1909 Golden Flyer biplane, 1 built Curtiss No. 2 1909 Reims racer biplane, 1 built Cody Michelin Cup Biplane 1910, 1 built Bristol Boxkite 1910 trainer, 78 built Howard Wright 1910 Biplane 1910, 7 built Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.1 1910 biplane, 1 built Wright Model B 1910 biplane 2 seater, about 100 built Cody Circuit of Britain biplane 1911, 1 built Curtiss Model D 1911 biplane, 1 seat Curtiss Model E 1911 biplane floatplane, 17+ built Baldwin Red Devil 1911 aerobatic biplane, 6 built Farman MF.7 1911 biplane, unk no. built Cody V biplane 1912, 2 built Cody VI biplane/floatplane 1913, 1 built Short S.38 1912, 48 built Farman HF.20 1913 military biplane, unk no. built Farman MF.11 1913 biplane, unk no. built Grahame-White Type X Charabanc 1913 transport, 1 built Short S.80 Nile Pusher Biplane Seaplane 1913, 1 built Grahame-White Type XV 1913 trainer, 135 built Sopwith Bat Boat 1913, 6 built
Between frames or booms (1915 and later) Breguet Bre.4 1914 2 seat military biplane, about 100 built Grahame-White Type XI 1914 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built Short S.81 1914, 1 built Sopwith Gunbus 1914, 35 built (including floatplanes) Vickers F.B.5 1914, 224 built Voisin III 1914 bomber, about 3200 builtFrench Voisin III bomber Wight Pusher Seaplane 1914, 11 built Breguet Bre.5 1915 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built AD Scout 1915 interceptor, 4 built AGO C.II 1915 reconnaissance biplane, 15 built Airco DH.1 1915 biplane, 2 seat, 100 built, Airco DH.2 1915 biplane fighter, 453 built Avro 508 1915, 1 built Farman F.30 1915 military biplane, unk no. built Farman F.40 1915 military biplane, unk no. built Otto C.I 1915 reconnaissance biplane, unk no. built Pemberton-Billing P.B.25 1915 scout, 20 built Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 1915 military biplane, 1939 built Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.8 1915 biplane fighter, 295 built Voisin IV Voisin V 1915 bomber, about 350 built Breguet Bre.12 1916 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built Friedrichshafen FF.34 1916 patrol seaplane, 1 built Häfeli DH-1 1916 reconnaissance biplane, 6 built Vickers F.B.12 1916 fighter, about 22 built Voisin VII 1916 reconnaissance biplane, about 100 built Voisin VIII 1916 bomber, about 1,100 built Blackburn Triplane 1917 fighter, 1 built Curtiss Autoplane 1917 (hops only) roadable aircraft, 1 built Port Victoria P.V.4 1917 floatplane, 1 built. Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.9 1917 2 seat fighter, 3 built Royal Aircraft Factory N.E.1 1917 night fighter, 6 built Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 1917 reconnaissance biplane about 350 built Vickers F.B.26 Vampire 1917, 4 built Voisin IX 1917 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built Voisin X 1917 bomber, about 900 built Vickers VIM 1920, 35 built
Between booms Henderson H.S.F.1 1929 transport, 1 built Campbell Model F 1930 private airplane, 1 built Hanriot H.110 1933 fighter, 1 built Stearman-Hammond Y-1 1934 safety airplane about 20 built de Schelde Scheldemusch 1935 1 seat biplane trainer, 6 built ITS-8 1936 motorglider monoplane, 2 built SCAL FB.30 Avion Bassou 1936 2 seat light aircraft, 2 built Abrams P-1 Explorer 1937, 1 built SAIMAN LB.2 1937 2 seat monoplane, 1 built Alliet-Larivière Allar 4, 1938 experimental 2 seat, 1 built General Aircraft GAL.33 Cagnet 1939 trainer, 1 built WNF Wn 16 1939, Austrian experimental aircraft General Aircraft GAL.47 1940 observation, 1 built de Schelde S.21 1940 fighter mockup (unflown)Dieselpunk: De Schelde S.21 Fane F.1/40 1941 observation monoplane, 1 built Saab 21 1943 fighter, 298 built Vultee XP-54 1943 fighter, 2 built Skoda-Kauba V6 1944 1 seat, 1 builtLes étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 & 22, July 1992
1945 and later Convair 106 Skycoach 1946 4 seater, one built Fokker F.25 1946 4 seater, 20 built SECAN Courlis 1946 transport, unk no. built Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1947 2 seat experimental, 6 built Baby twin-boomer, Sport Aviation, May 1988 Heston JC.6/AOP 1947 2 seat reconnaissance, 2 built Alaparma Baldo 1949 1 seat, about 35 built SNCASO SO.8000 Narval 1949 naval fighter, 2 built Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1950 2 seats, 6 built SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1952 amphibie 4 seater, 29 built Potez 75 1953 reconnaissance, 1 built SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1962 4 seat amphibian, 29 built Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-26 Moseppl 1970 1 seat powered sailplane, unk no. built Cessna XMC 1971 research aircraft, 1 built Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-28 Avispa 1972 2 seat transport, 1 built Kortenbach & Rauh Kora 1973 Motor glider, 2 built Lartin Skylark 1973 Utility Prototype PZL M-17 1973 Trainer Prototype Edgley Optica 1979 ducted fan observation aircraft 21 built
1980 and later ADI Condor 1981 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built Acapella 200 1982 homebuilt, 1 built Applebay Zia 1982 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 4 built Sadler Vampire 1982 Ultralight Spectrum SA-550 1983 Utility prototype, 2 built RTAF-5 1984 Trainer prototype Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II 1984 Experimental 2 seater NPO Molniya 1993 transport 6 seater, 2 built Yakovlev Yak-58 1993 Utility, 7 built HFL Stratos 300 1996 1 seat ultralight motorglider NPP Aerorik Dingo 1997 multi-role amphibian (air cushion), 6 built Toucan PJ-1B 1998 experimental 1 seat, one builtLe Toucan de Jose Pocino, Experimental n°53, septembre 2000 Creative Flight Aerocat 2001 Transport Prototype Airsport Song 2009 ultralight Northrop Grumman Firebird 2010 Reconnaissance Prototype Ion Aircraft Ion 2007 prototype 2 seater tandem, 1 built Terrafugia Transition 2009 roadable airplane 2 seater, 2 built WLT Sparrow 2010 Ultralight, 13 built Synergy Aircraft Synergy 2011 Double boxtail demonstrator electric powered 1/4 scale model, in development AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac 2014 reconnaissance attack, 1 built Commuter Craft Innovator 2016 prototype 2 seater, 1 built AOPAKitplanes ISA 180 Seeker 2019 prototype monoplane
Between booms / UAV's IAI Scout 1977 UAV drone AAI RQ-2 Pioneer1986 UAV drone EADS Harfang 2008 UAV drone
Between outboard tail booms Blohm & Voss P208 1944 fighter project Analysis of a semi-tailless aircraft design Skoda-Kauba SK SL6 1944 research one seat project
Coaxially in rear fuselage Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.3/A.E.1 1913 armoured biplane, 1 built Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.6, 1914, 1 built Gallaudet D-4 1918 seaplane, 2 built Vickers Type 161 1931 fighter prototype (with structural frame), 1 built Austria Krähe 1960 1 seat motorglider, unk no. built Brditschka HB-3 1971 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 27 built Rhein Flugzeugbau Sirius I 1969, 2 seats RFB/Grumman American Fanliner 1973, 2 seats, 2 built RFB Fantrainer 1977, 2 seats, 47 built Buselec 2, 2010 project, with electric motor Otto Celera 500L 2018
Nacelle above fuselage WW1 or Before Curtiss Model F 1912 flying boat, 150+ built Benoist XIV 1913 transport flying boat, 2 built FBA Type A, B, C 1913 patrol flying boat, unk no. built Lohner E 1913, about 40 built Donnet-Denhaut flying boat 1915 patrol flying boat, about 1,085 built FBA Type H 1915 patrol flying boat, ~2000 built Grigorovich M-5 1915 patrol flying boat, about 300 built Lohner L, R and S 1915, 100+ built AD Flying Boat, Supermarine Channel & Sea Eagle 1916 patrol and airline flying boat, 27 built. Grigorovich M-9 1916 patrol flying boat, about 500 built Grigorovich M-11 1916 fighter flying boat, about 60 built Hansa-Brandenburg CC 1916 flying boat fighter, 73 built Macchi L.2 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built Macchi M.3 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 200 built Norman Thompson N.T.4 1916 patrol flying boat, 72 built Oeffag-Mickl G 1916 trimotor patrol flying boat, 12 built Curtiss HS 1917 patrol flying boat, about 1,178 built Grigorovich M-15 1917 patrol flying boat, unk no. built Macchi M.5 1917, flying boat fighter, 244 built Norman Thompson N.T.2B 1917 flying boat trainer, 100+ built Tellier T.3 and Tc.6 1917 patrol flying boat, about 155 built Hansa-Brandenburg W.20 1918 U-boat flying boat, 3 built Macchi M.7 1918 flying boat fighter, 100+ built Macchi M.9 1918 flying boat bomber, 30 built Macchi M.12 1918 flying boat bomber, about 10 built Royal Aircraft Factory C.E.1 1918 flying boat, 2 built SIAI S.9 1918 flying boat, unk no. built SIAI S.12 1918 flying boat, 1 built Sperry Land and Sea Triplane 1918 patrol flying boat, 2 built Supermarine Baby 1918 flying boat fighter, 1 built
1920s Aeromarine 40 1919 flying boat trainer, 50 built Aeromarine 50 1919 transport flying boat, unk no. built Boeing B-1 1919 transport flying boat, 1 built SIAI S.13 1919 reconnaissance flying boat, unk no. built SIAI S.16 1919 flying boat, 100+ built Supermarine Sea Lion I & II 1919 racing flying boats, 2 built Vickers Viking, Vulture and Vanellus 1919 amphibious flying boats, 34 built. Vought VE-10 Batboat 1919 navy flying boat, 1 built Macchi M.18 1920 flying boat, 90+ built Supermarine Commercial Amphibian 1920, 1 built Supermarine Scarab 1923, 12 built Supermarine Seal 1921, 4+ built Supermarine Seagull 1921, 34 built CAMS 30 1922 flying boat trainer, 31 built CAMS 31 1922 flying boat fighter, 2 built Fokker B.I & III 1922 biplane reconnaissance flying boat, 2 built SIAI S.51 1922 racing flying boat, 1 built CAMS 38 1923 racing flying boat, 1 built FBA 17 1923 flying boat trainer, 300+ built Savoia-Marchetti S.57 1923 reconnaissance flying boat, 20 built Supermarine Sea Eagle 1923, 3 built Canadian Vickers Vedette 1924 forestry patrol flying boat, 60 built CANT 7 1924 flying boat trainer, 34 built Ikarus ŠM 1924 flying boat trainer, 42 built Macchi M.26 1924 flying boat fighter, 2 built CANT 10 1925 flying boat airliner, 18 built Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe 1925 flying boat, 3 built Savoia-Marchetti S.59 1925 reconnaissance flying boat, 240+ built CAMS 37 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 332 built CAMS 46 1926 flying boat trainer, unk. no built CANT 18 1926 flying boat trainer, 29 built Savoia-Marchetti S.62 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 175+ built CANT 25 1927 flying boat fighter, unk no. built Canadian Vickers Vista 1927 1 seat monoplane flying boat, 1 built Boeing Model 204 Thunderbird 1929 flying boat, 7 built Macchi M.41 1927 flying boat fighter, 42 built Supermarine Sheldrake 1927, 1 built Fokker F.11/B.IV 1928 monoplane transport flying boat, 7 built Rohrbach Ro X Romar 1928 flying boat, 3 built Savoia-Marchetti S.64 1928 distance record monoplane, 2 built
1930s FBA 310 1930 amphibious flying boat transport, 9 built SIAI S.67 1930 flying boat fighter, 3 built FBA 290 1931, amphibious flying boat trainer, 10 built Fizir AF-2 1931 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built Amiot 110-S 1931 patrol flying boat, 2 built Loening XSL 1931 submarine airplane, 1 built Beriev MBR-2 1931 flying boat, 1365 built Savoia-Marchetti S.66 1931 airliner flying boat, 24 built Tupolev MDR-2 1931 flying boat, 1 built Aichi AB-4 1932 flying boat, 6 built Boeing-Canada A-213 Totem 1932 flying boat, 1 builtBoeing Canada A-213 Totem Dornier Do 12 1932 amphibian, 4 seats, 1 built Savoia-Marchetti SM.78 1932 patrol flying boat, 49 built