James Calhoun may refer to:
James Calhoun (Maryland politician) (1743–1816), American politician, first mayor of Baltimore, Maryland James Calhoun (politician, born 1802) (1802–1852), American politician, first governor of the Territory of New Mexico James Calhoun (Atlanta politician) (1811–1875), American politician, sixteenth mayor of Atlanta, Georgia James Calhoun (soldier) (1845–1876), American soldier killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn Jim Calhoun (born 1942), American college basketball coach