Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections (BSKE) in the Philippines were held on October 30, 2023. The elections determined 42,001 barangay captains and 294,007 barangay councilors, for a total of 336,008 seats. Five seats in each Sangguniang Barangay (barangay council) were needed for a majority. Barangays are the smallest type of local government unit in the Philippines, and their governance is nonpartisan.

Elections for the local youth councils, Sangguniang Kabataan (SK), were held at the same time. The youth elected an SK chairperson and seven SK councilors in each barangay. The SK chairperson automatically served as an ex officio member of the Sangguniang Barangay. Members of the Sangguniang Barangay designated as Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representatives (IPMRs) were not elected as part of the BSKE.

The elections were originally scheduled to be held in May 2020. In December 2019, a law was passed postponing the election to December 2022. In October 2022, another law was passed, this time postponing the election to October 2023. However, the Supreme Court declared this law unconstitutional. The election nevertheless proceeded on October 30, 2023. This resulted in elected officials being able to immediately assume office after being proclaimed, as their terms de jure began on January 1, 2023.

A plebiscite was also held on this day on the conversion of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, from a component city to a highly urbanized city, which would have made it politically and fiscally independent from Bulacan. The measure was defeated, and San Jose del Monte remained a component city.

Electoral system

Each barangay has an elected chief executive, the barangay captain, and an eight-seat legislature, the Sangguniang Barangay (), of which seven are elected at-large in this election.

Voters aged 15 to 30 years old on election day also elect among themselves the Sangguniang Kabataan (; SK) chairperson in each barangay, who is the eighth member of the Sangguniang Barangay, and all seven members of the SK at-large.

Both the barangay captain and the SK chairperson are elected via the first-past-the-post system, while the legislatures are elected via multiple non-transferable votes.

Barangay-level elections are nonpartisan elections. Slates of candidates for barangay captain and seven councilors, and an SK chairman and SK councilors, are common; a slate of barangay and SK candidates may cross-endorse each other. Political parties allegedly clandestinely support their candidates despite the nonpartisan nature of the election.

Upon their election, barangay captains shall elect their cities' or municipalities' Liga ng mga Barangay () president, previously known and still known as the "Association of Barangay Captains" or ABC president, who also sits on their respective local municipal or city council. The municipal and city ABC presidents in a province shall elect among themselves a provincial ABC president who also sits on the provincial board. The provincial and independent city ABC chairmen shall elect among themselves the national leadership of the League.

Unlike the barangay captains, who have their own national federation, the SK chairpersons do not have such an equivalent body after its reformation in 2018.

Preparation Postponement The November 2016 barangay and SK elections were postponed to May 2018, and the following election was scheduled for May 2020, then every three years thereafter.

Postponement to December 2022 On September 30, 2019, the Senate of the Philippines passed a bill postponing the date of the barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections to December 5, 2022. The House of Representatives followed suit on November 4, 2019. Both bills were consolidated into one bill on November 11, 2019. The bill was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on December 3, 2019.

Postponement to October 2023 In January 2022, a bill was filed by Davao Oriental–2nd district representative Joel Almario seeking to postpone this election to 2024. In May 2022, then–presumptive vice president Sara Duterte agreed to postpone the barangay election to 2024 as a cost-saving measure. Outgoing Senate President Tito Sotto, meanwhile, said in jest that if the barangay elections were postponed again, the barangay officials would have a longer term of office than the president. Negros Occidental governor Eugenio Jose Lacson said that if it were postponed, it should have been postponed for only a year.

At the opening of the 19th Congress in late July, Leyte Rep. Richard Gomez filed a bill postponing the election to 2023, so that the cost of the holding the election, around 8 billion pesos, would have been used elsewhere. A Manila Times editorial questioned if the government would indeed save money, as the cost of the election would not be spent only on election day, and that the cost was already allocated in the national budget. Weeks later, the House Committee on Suffrage and Electoral Reforms approved the bill on second reading. COMELEC chairman George Garcia later said in Senate Committee on Electoral Reforms and People's Participation hearing that they would need an additional 18 billion pesos for them to hold the elections in December 2023, an increase from 5 billion pesos he earlier shared to the House committee, as it meant to cover increased honoraria for electoral board members. Postponing the elections would also lead to additional voter registration drives, which leads to more people being registered, which meant more ballots had to be printed, more voting centers to be opened, and more election materials to be bought, thus increasing the cost. The House committee then voted on second reading a substitute bill postponing to December 2023.

Further House committee hearings had Garcia suggesting to postpone to election to allow more voters to be registered. Representative from Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman said that "to postpone an election to accommodate more voters is never a reason for postponing an election. To me, this is strange." A representative from the Department of Budget and Management agreed with Garcia's earlier statement in regards to having a bigger budget if the elections were postponed to 2023.

On September 20, the House of Representatives overwhelmingly passed the bill postponing the election to December 2023 on third reading. Later that week, the Senate passed the bill on a 17–2 vote, with the dissenters solely coming from the minority bloc. On September 28, both chambers voted to ratify the bicameral conference committee version of the bill, largely based on the Senate version of the bill, that postpones the election to October 2023, and sets the term of office of barangay officials to three years.

On October 10, President Bongbong Marcos signed Republic Act No. 11935 which moved the date of barangay elections to the last Monday of October 2023.

A week later, election lawyer Romulo Macalintal filed a petition before the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of the said law. He argued Congress has no power to postpone the barangay elections and to extend the term of village officials, and it can only fix the term through a law.

In early March 2023, the commission released the calendar for the election, with the election period beginning at July 3. Later that month, the commission reset the election period, with it beginning now at August 28.

During the aftermath of the Pamplona massacre where Negros Oriental governor Roel Degamo was assassinated, several mayors, including Degamo's wife Janice, who is also mayor of Pamplona, called for the postponement of elections in their province. Separately, five of six provincial governors in the Bangsamoro also called for the election's postponement, at least after the decommissioning of combatants of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front after the failed ambush of Lanao del Sur governor Mamintal Adiong Jr.

In late June 2023, the Supreme Court struck down Republic Act (RA) 11935, the law postponing the election, as unconstitutional, declaring that "the law unconstitutionally exceeds the bounds of the Congress' power to legislate." The court allowed the upcoming elections to proceed, but stressed that the currently-serving officials' terms ended on December 31, 2022, as per RA 11462, which had been repealed by RA 11935. The court also ruled that the winning officials would serve only until 2025, with barangay elections being held in that year, and every three years thereafter.

In late August, COMELEC chairman George Garcia said that they were expected to release a decision on postponing elections in Negros Oriental and Bangsamoro in late September, or if it would place any locality under its direct control instead. The COMELEC then announced in September that while elections in Negros Oriental would be held as scheduled, it placed the entire province under COMELEC control.

League leadership The national president of the Liga ng mga Barangay, Faustino Dy V of Isabela, resigned in 2019 to run for Congress. He was succeeded by Eden Pineda of Tacloban, and was expected to lead the league into the next elections.

Voter registration Because of these elections' postponement, barangay residents who did not or were unable to register between August 1 and September 30, 2019, had the opportunity to enroll their names in the registration period for the 2022 national elections. The period began on January 20, 2020, and would have ended on September 30, 2021. Registration was suspended in some areas in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas due to the Taal Volcano eruption, and in Makilala, Cotabato, due to an earthquake.

On March 10, 2020, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) suspended voter registration in the entire Philippines due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. The commission later stated on August 15 that voter registration would resume on September 1 in areas under "general community quarantine" or "modified general community quarantine". Areas under "enhanced community quarantine" and "modified enhanced community quarantine" had their registrations suspended.

On the eve of the end of registration, chairman Sheriff Abas announced that the commission approved extending registration from October 11 to 30 for voters in the Philippines. On the same day, President Duterte signed into law a registration extension for 30 days from when it was made effective.

After the 2022 general election was held, the COMELEC began preparing for the barangay election, as a postponement law was yet to be passed. As set by the COMELEC, voter registration resumed from July 4 to 23.

With another postponement of the elections which was supposed to be held in December 2022, the voter registration was set from December 12 to January 31, 2023.

Filing of candidacies On March 22, 2023, the COMELEC set the filing of candidacies from August 28 to September 2. During the week of filing candidacies, COMELEC extended the filing of candidacies in some areas due to inclement weather. In Ilocos Norte, filing was extended until September 3, while for Metro Manila and Abra, it was extended until September 4. COMELEC announced that there were 96,962 candidates for barangay chairperson, 731,682 candidates for Sangguniang Barangay member, 92,774 candidates for Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) chairperson, and 493,069 candidates for SK membership; this was "definitely higher" than in 2018.

The COMELEC disqualified a barangay captain candidate in Barangay Cabas-an, Aroroy, Masbate due to a previous criminal conviction. The commission also disqualified two SK candidates in Barangay Magtangale, San Francisco, Surigao del Norte and in Barangay Malag-it, Calinog, Iloilo for being related to sitting officials in their localities. A candidate for barangay captain in Barangay Pualas, Don Carlos, Bukidnon was also disqualified for being previously dismissed by the Ombudsman.

President Bongbong Marcos declared election day as a special non-working holiday.