Anti-appeasement steles were 19th century monuments built in Korea to ostracize Westerners. They were erected by Heungseon Daewongun at more than 200 major transportation hubs across the country, including the four streets of Jongno. They were built in 1871 (the 8th year of reign by Emperor Gojong of the Joseon period). They were made of granite and were four cubits high, five cubits wide, and eight inches thick.
History Emperor Gojong ascended the throne in 1863 at the age of twelve, leading to his father, Yi Ha-eung, being appointed Daewongun and taking power. At this time, the United States and Russia were approaching the Korean Peninsula to engage in commerce and occasionally staged armed provocations and demonstrations.
Yi initially attempted to negotiate with France to counterbalance Russia during the early years of his tenure. However, his policy stance swiftly shifted towards isolationism and an attempted robbery at the king's tomb. He established a policy that prohibited diplomatic relations and commerce with other countries, as to maintain control of the Joseon dynasty in 1871. To warn the people of this policy, stelae were set up by fire hydrants in April across the country.
In 1882, Japan invaded Korea and Yi Ha-eung was kidnapped by the Qing dynasty. Most of the stelae were demolished at the request of the Japanese government. In Seoul, one was buried near the Bosingak Pavilion in Jongno on 26 September 1882. The stele was rediscovered in June 1915 when the pavilion was relocated and displayed in a gallery west of Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace.
Stelae remain in about 30 locations.
Content
The following words are written on the stele as an order:
洋夷侵犯 非戰則和 主和賣國
Then, in small letters, the next phrase is written on the side of the rain.
戒我萬年子孫 丙寅作 辛未立
This means, "If you don't fight for Western's invasion, you'll surrender, so if you insist on surrender, you'll sell your country. I warn all the people.. Build it in Byeongin-year and set it up in Sinmi-year."
List of stele Name Picture Installation (discovery) location Current location Scale Cultural Heritage No. Designated date Gadeokdo Stele Seongbuk-dong, Gangseo-gu, 56, Gadeokpo-gu344 Chunga Elementary School in Seongbuk-dong, Gangseo-gu, Busan 128×145×16 Busan Metropolitan City designated Monument No. 3501-Feb 1993 Ganghwa Stele Deokjin Dondae of the Southern Dynasties 147×53×28 1867Gyeongbokgung Palace Stele150px Gyeongbok Palace Geunjeongjeon, 4th Street in front of Bosingak Pavilion in JongnoNational Museum of Korea Gyeongju Stele150px Sansa-dong of GyeongjuGyeongju National Museum Height 1.5m Gochang Stele Hyangcheong, Gochang-eupseong, Gochang-gun Gumi Stele Mt. 52–1 in Gupodong, Gumi City 175×186 North Gyeongsang Province Cultural Heritage Material No. 2205-Aug 1985 Gunwi Stele Gunwi-eup Dongbu-ri Gunwi-gun Office 115×43×14 Gijang Stele 150px inside of Daebyun-port breakwater 144×52.5×21 Busan Metropolitan City designated Monument No. 4125-May 1996 Namhae Stele Noryang Shipyard, Sulcheon Middle School410-18 Noryang-ri, Seocheon-myeon, Namhae-gun 220×49×16 South Gyeongsang Province Cultural Heritage Material No. 26631-Dec 1997 Daegu Stele Gwandeokjeong Catholic Martyrs Memorial Hall in Daegu Miryang Stele Milyang City Milyang Bonghwa Stele Bongseong-ri, Bonghwa Middle School, Bongseong-myeonBonghwa Education Office in Naeseong-ri, Bonghwa-eup Busanjin Stele Busan Jinsheng, Yongdu Mountain Park948-1 Busan Museum in Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu 143×44.7×23.8 Busan Metropolitan City designated Monument No. 1826-June 1972 Sancheong Stele Huanzheng Garden, Sancheng Elementary SchoolSancheong-ri 290-1 Sancheong Elementary School in Sancheong-eup, Sancheong-gun 135×45×25.5 Gyeongnam-do Type Cultural Heritage No. 29427-Dec 1993 Seongju Stele Sungjoo Elementary SchoolSungjoo Girls' High School Sunheung Stele Sunheung-myeon of elementary school campus314-3, Sunheung-myeon Office, Sunheung-myeon, Yeongju 114×46 Gyeongbuk Cultural Heritage Material No. 24214-May 1991 Sinchang Stele Shinchang Elementary School297 Town-Narye-ri, Sinchang-si Cultural Heritage Material No. 236 of Chungcheongnam-do17-May
1984 Yangsan Stele Sotori 667 Sonosowon, Sangbuk-myeon, Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Type Cultural Heritage No. 12002-May 1979 Yeosan Stele Yeosan Elementary SchoolIksan-myeon, Iksan-myeon, 445-2 Yeosan-dongheon 114×46×9 Iksan City Hyangtological Site No.730-May
2002 Yeongi Stele Yeongihyang-bridge 34 Yeongi-ri, Yeongi-myeon, Sejong City Sejong City Monument No.1111-Feb
2016 Youngyang Stele County seo-ri Nutrition County Office Yecheon Stele Daeheung-myeon OfficeUpper break Okcheon Stele Mountain4-2 Samyangsa-gil, Okcheon-eup, Okcheon-gunbullet marksMonument No.6 of Chungcheongbuk-do21-Dec 1976 Yonggung Stele Yonggung Middle School, Yonggung Elementary SchoolManparu of Eupbu-ri, Yonggung-myeon, Yecheon-gun Gyeongbuk Cultural Heritage Material No.5984-Oct 2012 Unhyeongoong Stele Unhyeon Palace Museum of Antiquities Janggi Stele inside of Janggi castle Jangsu Myeon Office Garden in Nam-gu, Pohang 120×45×21 North Gyeongsang Province Cultural Heritage Material No. 224.07-Aug 1990 Geoldoosan Stele 150px Zeodu Mountain Martyrs' Site Changnyeong Stele Changyeong-eup Gyohari28-1 Manokjeong Park in Gyosang-ri, Changnyeong-eup 123×46×20 Cultural Heritage Material No. 218 of South Gyeongsang Province02-May 1995 Cheongdo Stele Cheongdo Roadside15-10 Seosang-ri, Hwayang-eup, Cheongdo-gun 155×45×25 Gyeongbuk Cultural Heritage Material No.10905-Aug
1985 Cheongsong Stele Catholic Church in Cheongsong-eup, Cheongsong-gun 115×48×16 Cheongju Stele 150px Seokgyo-dong Sewage Station92-13 Central Park, Nammun-ro 2-ga, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju 108×47 North Chungcheong Province Monument No. 2327-Oct 1978 Pohang Stele Road in front of Chilpo-ri Rock-Culture County, PohangPohang City Heunghae Folk Museum Hamyang Stele 349-1 Sangrim Park in Unlim-ri, Hamyang-eup, Hamyang-gun 110×55×19 South Gyeongsang Province Cultural Heritage Material No. 26431-Dec 1997 Hampyeong Stele Kujuppo, Seokseong-ri, Hampyeong-eup906-7 Hampyeong Park in Hapyeong-eup, Hampyeong-gun 135×52×20 Jeollanam-do Cultural Heritage Material No. 176.24-Feb 1990 Hongseong Stele Mount Obong-ri, Guhyang-myeon, Hongseong-gun 125×48×25.5 Cultural Heritage Material No. 163 of Chungcheongnam-do 17-May 1984
References
See also :ko:경고비 Sakoku