Poisson is a French surname meaning "fish". Notable people with the surname include:
Abel-François Poisson, marquis de Marigny (1727–1781), French nobleman who served as the director general of the King's Buildings Albert Poisson (1868–1893), French alchemist David Poisson (politician) (born 1951), American politician David Poisson (alpine skier) (1982–2017), French alpine skier Émile Poisson (1905–1999), Beninese politician Eric Poisson (born 1965), Canadian gravitational physicist Georges Poisson (1924–2022), French art historian Gilles Poisson (born 1947), Canadian professional wrestler Jean-Frédéric Poisson (born 1963), French politician Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (1721–1764), better known as Madame de Pompadour, a member of the French court and the official chief mistress of Louis XV Pascal Poisson (born 1958), French cyclist Paul Poisson (actor) (1658–1735), French actor Paul Poisson (politician) (1887–1983), Canadian politician Philippe Poisson (born 1984), better known as Phil Fish, Canadian video game designer Philippe Poisson (actor) (1682–1743), French actor and playwright Pierre-Marie Poisson (1876–1953), French sculptor and medallist Raymond Poisson (1630–1690), French actor and playwright Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840), French mathematician, geometer, and physicist